生态技术创新政府启动模式的机理与启示

生态技术创新是经济可持续发展的必要条件。由于环境资源的公共性，时滞性等特点，政府在生态技术创新过程中发挥重要的作用，是企业生态技术创新的主要推动力。政府启动模式的本 于政府借助法律或经济手段促使企业部分边际外部费用内部化。     

The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.     

碎砖骨料再生混凝土配合比研究

用正交法试验分析了碎砖骨料混凝土的配合比，提出水灰比和碎砖骨料掺量分别是影响混凝土强度和流动性的主要因素。倡导用碎砖做混凝土骨料，保护生态环境。     

Carbon Dioxide Balance of Wood Substitution: Comparing Concrete- and Wood-Framed Buildings

In this study a method is suggested to compare the net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission from the construction of concrete- and wood-framed buildings. The method is then applied to two buildings in Sweden and Finland constructed with wood frames, compared with functionally equivalent buildings constructed with concrete frames. Carbon accounting includes: emissions due to fossil fuel use in the production of building materials; the replacement of fossil fuels by biomass residues from logging, wood processing, construction and demolition; carbon stock changes in forests and buildings; and cement process reactions. The results show that wood-framed construction requires less energy, and emits less CO₂ to the atmosphere, than concrete-framed construction. The lifecycle emission difference between the wood- and concrete-framed buildings ranges from 30 to 130 kg C per m² of floor area. Hence, a net reduction of CO₂ emission can be obtained by increasing the proportion of wood-based building materials, relative to concrete materials. The benefits would be greatest if the biomass residues resulting from the production of the wood building materials were fully used in energy supply systems. The carbon mitigation efficiency, expressed in terms of biomass used per unit of reduced carbon emission, is considerably better if the wood is used to replace concrete building material than if the wood is used directly as biofuel.     

浅议可持续发展政策下环境问题的制度根源

文章从制度改变环境的角度指出,环境问题的主要根源在于制度的失败,即政府在制定和执行可持续发展政策中存在着不足之处.因此,环境问题的出路有赖于在可持续发展思想的指导下实行强制性制度变迁,并完善相关的制度,在可持续发展思想的指导下进行制度创新,构建绿色市场机制与可持续的政府政策.     

岩石工程开挖对山坡体应力场扰动规律的数值分析

应用三雏数值分析方法,研究人工开挖边坡与自然山体边坡体之间的应力场分布特点、演变规律和作用关系,并依据应力场演变规律确定边坡岩体的破坏模式;以便为矿山生产及周边环境的安全评价提供科学依据。     

索风营水电站Dr2号危岩体破坏模式分析

在专门性工程地质勘察的基础上,系统分析了Dr2危岩体的边界条件、形成机理及破坏模式,并简要介绍了目前所采取的处理措施。     

建筑行业环境保护与绿色施工

本文对建筑施工造成的环境污染及其危害性进行了分析,提出切实可行的文明施工、防止污染、新科技环保等综合措施,坚持可持续发展的科学发展观,发展文明施工、绿色施工.     

秦沈客运专线路基声屏障工程设计与施工

秦沈客运专线首次在通过村庄附近地段的路基上设计安装声屏障工程 ,作为降低列车通过时的噪音、减弱扰民程度的重要措施。文中介绍了声屏障工程的设计与施工、管理等情况。     

面向经济回收的产品设计系统构成

面向回收的产品设计能够使废旧产品得到更好的回收和重用，优化拆卸序列的生成必须基于产品拆卸的经济性分析。论述了面向经济回收的产品设计系统的构成及相关的关键问题，分析了产品的零件材料回收价值与拆卸工艺，建立了零件材料合理回收的评估方法。