安徽北部涡河断裂第四纪活动特征及地震危险性初步研究

涡河断裂整体走向310°左右,全长约190 km,断裂在卫星影像图和区域重、磁异常图上均有明显显示,是安徽北部一条重要的第四纪活动断裂。本文通过采用高精度重力测量法和激发极化电测深法,对研究区进行物探勘测工作,确定了断裂的大致位置及产出状态,认为涡河断裂埋深150 m左右,断层宽度约为150~200 m,倾角近直立,具正断层性质。结合野外地质调查情况及前人资料,综合分析认为涡河断裂第四纪以来具有较强的活动性,是一条影响范围较广、规模较大的断裂。通过分析涡河断裂与近EW向横向构造的关系,将断裂分成北、中、南三段;结合地震空区理论分析认为南段未来发生Ms5级以上地震的危险性最大,其最大震级在5.5级与6级之间。     

An extension to Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA) application in petrochemical process industry

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is an established technique in risk management associated with identified hazards specific to focused fields. It is a comprehensive, structured and logical analysis method aimed at identifying and assessing hazards of complex systems. To conduct a quantitative FTA, it is essential to have sufficient data. By considering the fact that sufficient data is not always available, the FTA method can be adopted into the problems under fuzzy environment, so called as Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA). This research extends FFTA methodology to petrochemical process industry in which fire, explosion and toxic gas releases are recognized as potential hazards. Specifically, the case study focuses on Deethanizer failure in petrochemical plant operations to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Consequently, the study has provided theoretical and practical values to challenge with operational data shortage in risk assessment.     

成渝经济区河流表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布、 来源及生态风险评价

采用GC-MS分析了成渝经济区内六大水系（长江、 岷江、 沱江、 涪江、 渠江以及嘉陵江）中19个表层沉积物样品的16种美国EPA优先控制多环芳烃（∑PAHs）.结果表明,∑PAHs的含量范围为48.2 ～723.1 ng/g（平均276.1 ng/g）,最高值在长江流域石门子采样点,最低值在涪江流域百倾采样点.各流域表层沉积物中∑PAH₁₆含量总体趋势为：长江(358.6 ng/g) ＞ 岷江(322.2 ng/g) ＞ 沱江(292.7 ng/g) ＞ 渠江(260.6 ng/g) ＞ 嘉陵江(240.2 ng/g) ＞ 涪江(82.4 ng/g).沉积物中PAHs组成为： 2 ～ 3环占15.1% ～ 52.3%、 4环占24.4% ～ 44.5%、 5 ～ 6环占3.3% ～ 56.9%.采用分子比值法c_An/c_{(An+ Phe)}、 c_FlA/c_{(FlA + Pyr)}以及c_InP /c_{(InP + BghiP)}分析污染来源,表明各流域表层沉积物中PAHs主要源于草、 木和煤的燃烧及石化产品的燃烧.采用表观效应阈值法进行生态风险评价,表明表层沉积物中的PAHs对生态环境的影响目前还处于较低风险水平.     

Sustainable cooperation as the challenge for a new coastal management paradigm

Coastal management is a collective action. As such, it depends for its effective implementation on the cooperation of a multitude of stakeholders, i.e. civic organizations, economic interest groups, environmental groups, governmental agencies, scientists and other individuals. Where ‘effective implementation’ implies the achievement of targeted objectives within targeted time horizons and ‘cooperation’ connotes that stakeholders elect to pursue cooperative strategies that may yield higher gains for all stakeholders instead of competitive strategies that may maximize individual benefits. Thus, the fundamental challenge of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) is to maximize the effectiveness of this management by maximizing and sustaining stakeholder cooperation. I submit that sustainable cooperation can be maximized and nurtured for its voluntariness only by a process-oriented, cooperative CZM. The alternative, outcome-oriented, normative CZM can force, directly or indirectly, cooperation but it cannot sustain it. My purpose in this paper, is to highlight arguments supporting this view as well as the analytical challenges of cooperative ICZM. Certain points are also viewed in the light of preliminary findings of a research project designed to probe these challenges.     

The role of size inequality in self-thinning: A pattern-oriented simulation model for arid savannas

The self-thinning line is a very robust pattern, which can be obtained in modeling studies by a variety of different mechanistic assumptions. Our opinion is that we can only advance in our understanding of mechanisms leading to the self-thinning relationship if we demand that the model also reproduces several other characteristic features (patterns) of the self-thinning process such as the degree of size inequality and the average size. We use a pattern-oriented modeling approach to develop a model of self-thinning under size inequality in overcrowded, even-aged stands, which reproduces these three patterns simultaneously. Our approach is to first develop an initial model based on our current ecological knowledge and then to refine the model by modifying the initial model to derive the model that reproduces all patterns of interest.The initial model is as simple as possible while avoiding incidental, ecologically unjustified, assumptions. It is a further development of zone of influence-simulation models: each plant is described by two circles, one describing a minimum-domain-area and one describing the zone of influence. In the initial model, mortality is “death-by-contact” of minimum-domain-areas and growth is a function of inter-tree competition, i.e. overlapping zones of influence. Model parameterization is based on field data on Acacia reficiens in southern Africa. Simulations follow patches of initially small trees through time for up to 1000 years with five parameters, three describing growth and two describing inter-tree competition. A sensitivity analysis shows that all parameters of the initial model contribute significantly to the number and size of plants through time. The two competition parameters, which describe competitive asymmetry and the size of the zone of influence relative to canopy size, are both important for generating size inequality. Thus, both competitive asymmetry and spatial pattern contribute to size inequality, and their relative importance may vary greatly.The sensitivity analysis suggests that all processes included in the initial model are essential to the evolution of size inequality. However, size inequality under the initial model is below field values, meaning that additional, as yet unconsidered processes, contribute to size inequality. Our best-fit model additionally contains details on growth stochasticity.This study establishes the often-proposed direct link between mortality driven by local competition and self-thinning and highlights the importance of stochasticity in ecological processes.     

国家高新区提升城市绿色创新效率的作用机制与效果识别--基于双重差分法的检验

绿色创新作为将环境保护与经济增长有机整合的发展战略,是当前解决城市发展困境的一剂良方,实践中,促进城市绿色创新水平提升成为政界和学界共同关注的话题。国家高新区是推动城市绿色创新水平提升,实现经济可持续发展的重要载体,然而关于国家高新区设立是否对城市绿色创新发展起作用仍需要进一步实证检验。利用中国285个地级市2003—2016年的面板数据,通过构建双向固定效应模型实现双重差分的目的,识别国家高新区建立影响区域绿色发展的作用机制,并评估高新区驱动城市绿色创新效率提升的净效应。研究结果表明:①国家高新区显著提高了城市绿色创新效率,这一结果在经过了反事实检验和多项稳健性检验后依然成立。②从理论上构建了高新区驱动绿色创新效率提升的影响机制,并通过实证检验甄别出了高新区促进城市绿色创新效率提升的创新驱动机制和结构驱动机制,而未通过集聚驱动机制,"形聚而神不聚"的现象仍广泛存在。③高新区驱动绿色创新效率的提升呈现明显的区域异质性,高新区对东部区域的绿色创新效率驱动效果明显,而对中西部区域效果不明显。④高新区驱动绿色创新效率提升还存在着城市等级的差异,一定程度上表现为"边际递减规律",相比于省会城市,副省会城市、较大的市和一般的市从高新区设立当中获得的政策效益更大。为了进一步提升高新区对城市绿色创新水平的驱动作用,文章据此从发挥集聚推动效应、增强自主创新能力、推动产业转型升级、因地制宜发展高新区等方面提出相关政策建议。     

“十二五”期间中国区域低碳经济与国土空间开发格局的协调发展研究

有别于单纯的"区域竞争"模式,国土空间开发格局逐渐成为新形势下我国区域发展的基础和前提,区域开发应满足前者的基本要求。本文根据各省基于县级单元的主体功能区划,以2010年为基年,通过建立人口、经济、产业结构和温室气体排放等多层次指标体系,评价"十二五"时期我国区域低碳经济与国土空间开发格局协调发展的进展程度。研究发现,城市化地区(重点开发区和优化开发区)以占不到18%的国土面积,集聚了1/2以上的人口和3/4的经济产出;农产品主产区的面积占比超过1/4,人口比例接近1/3;重点生态功能区面积比例接近56%,人口比例低于10%。2010—2014年,从全国范围看,各类主体功能区的发展态势与其功能定位基本吻合,表现为优化开发区、农产品主产区和重点生态功能区的人口和经济集聚度均有微降,而重点开发区有所上升;各区产业结构均有所优化,但农产品主产区和重点生态功能区产业结构调整的幅度小于城市化地区。具体到各省,研究发现本文所研究的"协调性"进展与传统意义上的东、中、西区域划分和发展水平并无直接关系,例如同为东部地区的京津冀三地,协调性进展有显著差异,也显示出三地协同发展的难度。相反,一些惯常认为发展较为落后的省区,例如河北、青海、山西等地,在经济发展与国土空间开发格局的协调性方面所付出的努力和成效走在前列。部分地区低碳发展与其国土空间开发格局呈现出相对不协调的态势,主要表现为农产品主产区和重点生态保护区都出现了经济集聚度上升、产业结构劣化、CO_2排放大幅度上升、排放强度甚至也上升的趋势。     

国家生态文明试验区(贵州)经济增速与植被恢复协调发展

以国家生态文明试验区(贵州)作为研究区,以植被覆盖度(FVC)作为研究对象,基于2000～2019年的NDVI数据分析了贵州省近20年FVC的时空演变特征,利用地理探测器方法识别并量化了经济持续增速下维持植被恢复的主要驱动力,结果表明:(1)近20年来贵州省FVC整体呈增加趋势,FVC分布整体水平较高,主要以中等、中高和高度覆盖为主,三者面积占比之和约为89.7%,年均增长率为0.52%,平均FVC为0.53.(2)近20年来贵州省FVC变化趋势以轻微改善、基本不变为主,两者面积占比之和为68.94%,改善区域面积占比为57.93%,西部区域得到明显改善和提升,退化区域主要集中在城镇周边,总体动态变化趋于稳定且向好改善.(3)FVC空间分布格局演变深受人类活动与自然环境因子的双重影响,且人类活动对于植被恢复的驱动作用更强,国内生产总值(GDP)和降水是经济持续增速下维持植被恢复的人类活动与自然环境因子主导驱动力.(4)积极推动产业结构优化升级、大力推进第三产业快速发展以及不断贯彻落实退耕还林还草政策等积极的人类活动为贵州省实现经济增速与植被恢复协调发展的“双赢”局面做出了巨大贡献.     

我国经济开发区投资环境评价指标体系的研究

经济开发区投资环境具有与国家或地区投资环境不同的特殊性。本文对我国经济开发区相关因素进行了分析,探讨了能够反映其特性的评价指标体系的制定     

惠州大亚湾石化区综合污水处理厂技改尝试

为提高污水处理效果,降低运行成本,惠州大亚湾石化区综合污水处理厂针对实际来水状况,对原有工艺进行一系列工艺技术改造,改造后工艺系统运行良好,出水水质较高,达到广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB4426-2001)第二时段一级标准。惠州大亚湾石化区综合污水处理厂的小水量技术改造表明:通过有效的技术改造和调整技术管理措施,可提高污水处理率、减少环境污染、降低生产成本、减少资源浪费。