珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展中的水环境问题

对珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状和污染源进行了分析，指出生活污染是当前最大的污染源。首次提出了用于宏观评价水资源承载力和水环境可持续性的“水资源质量损失系数”、“水资源质量修复系数”和“水资源质量损失量”的概念及计算方法，据此预算了2002、2010和2020年珠江三角注经济区水资源净损失量分别达0．95、1．41和1．70亿m^3，相当于该区的73．4、101．4和116．2万人口年生活用水总量。各市现状水环境质量优劣排序是江门、肇庆、惠州、佛山、深圳、珠海、广州、中山和东莞。     

Self-purification capacity and management of Baltic coastal ecosystems

It is expected that the Baltic region becomes a major centre of economic growth and prosperity in Europe already during this decade (Anon. 2000). Therefore, an Agenda 21 for the Baltic region (Baltic 21) was developed to ensure a sustainable development. Especially the coastal ecosystems are subject to increasing anthropogenic pressure e.g. eutrophication, traffic, harbours, tourism or offshore wind parks. Eutrophication remains the main ecological problem in the Baltic Sea and has serious negative social and economical consequences. Inner and outer coastal waters play an important role as buffers and filters for the Baltic proper. Consequently, the utilization and preservation of their self-purification capacity is of great importance. Combined results of our own coastal research and of the international workshop ‘Baltic coastal ecosystems: structure, function and coastal zone management’ (Rostock University, November 2001) are presented here. Conclusions for an improved integrated coastal zone management of Baltic coastal ecosystems will be presented.     

浙东隆起带与西南日本黑濑川构造带地质演化之比较

浙东、闽北陈蔡群和建瓯群所构成的浙东隆起带,东延过东海后,与西南日本黑濑川构造带的寺野、肥后变质岩类连接,属“华夏—日本南方大陆”的北部残留地块,是受控于江山-绍兴-御荷(?)古断裂带而抬升暴露的.     

GOAL-ORIENTED AGRICULTURAL WATER QUALITY LEGISLATION1

ABSTRACT: While significant nonpoint source (NIPS) pollution control progress has been made since passage of Section 319 in the 1987 Water Quality Act, existing federal legislation does not provide for the most timely and cost-effective NIPS pollution reduction. In this paper, we use findings from the Rural Clean Water Program and other nationwide agricultural NIPS pollution control programs, building on legislative history to recommend a coordinated and efficient direction for agricultural water quality legislation. A collaborative framework should be established to accomplish the goals of the Clean Water Act (CWA), Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), and the Conservation Title of the Farm Bill. Valuable elements of the 1990 CZMA amendments that created a coastal NIPS program should be subsumed into the CWA. The CWA should reemphasize use of receiving water quality criteria and standards and should allow states flexibility to tailor basin-scale NPS program implementation to local needs. Implementation should involve targeting of NIPS pollution control efforts to critical land treatment areas and use of systems of best management practices to address these targeted water quality problems. The 1995 Farm Bill should reorient production incentives toward water quality to support the collaborative framework, implementing ecologically sound source reduction principles. The Farm Bill and the CWA should contain interrelated provisions for voluntary, incentive-assisted producer participation and fallback regulatory measures. Such coordinated national water quality and Farm Bill legislation that recognizes the need for flexibility in state implementation is supported as the most rational and cost-effective means of attaining water quality goals.     

用农业生态平衡观点论基本农田保护工作

人口膨胀、耕地减少是人类21世纪面临的两大难题。建立基本农田保护区是缓解人、地矛盾和满足“一要吃饭,二要建设”方针的重要途径。笔者根据常熟市开展建区工作的实践,提出了运用农业生态平衡观点和方法,从农田-食物-人口这一基本环节入手,研究开展建区工作。认为建区工作是基本农田保护工作的必要手段,也是一个通过人们智慧和劳动可以支配、调控的人工生态系统工程。文章着重提出了在建区工作中应遵循的七大特性与相关原则,以及农田保护的八不准措施和实施保护后的三大效益。     

核电站场地断层活动性的识别标准研究

关于核电站场地断层活动性识别标准,作者提出了6点建议:1. 晚更新世、特别是全新世地层被扰动或错断;2. 断层泥年龄小于10万年;3. 沿断裂带存在明显的线性构造;4. 有破坏性地震(Ms≥5. 0) 沿断层发生;5. 现代微小地震沿断裂带形成“地震线”;6. 在断裂带上发现可靠的古地震遗迹。此外,为了使断层活动性评定做到定量化,作者还提出了断层活动度概念。     

Vegetation changes along the United States east coast following the great storm of march 1962

Regional-scale vegetation changes on Assateague Island following overwash from the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 were investigated using historical aerial photography. Grasses and dunes were more abundant in 1974 in areas that were overwashed, whereas areas that were not overwashed have been more extensively colonized by shrubs. The increase in shrubs on Assateague Island is attributed to the absence of a subsequent storm overwash.     

Coastal directories and beyond: providing multidisciplinary coastal zone resource information for resource management

Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management. On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multi-disciplinary coastal zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC’s Coastal Directories Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast.     

城乡融合视角下淮海经济区城乡转型特征与路径

城乡融合不仅是社会经济结构的转换过程,也是城乡持续转型过程。以淮海经济区为研究区,剖析了城乡融合发展面临的困境,通过城乡转型多维定量评价与比较,诊断了研究区城乡融合状态,提出了推进城乡融合发展的路径。结果表明：（1）淮海经济区城乡融合发展面临“两分离一切变”而导致的“三不足”的困境,即传统农区的“居业分离”、资源型城市的“产城分离”和省际交界区的“切变效应”,导致乡村转型的内在动力不足、城市对乡村的辐射带动力不足和城乡公共服务供给的区域协同力不足。（2）城乡转型状态呈现出经济、社会和空间多维相关的特征,转型过程的城乡异速不同步和转型格局的城乡异构非均衡现象并存;采用对比聚类法,划分出城乡转型滞后型、乡村转型滞后型、城市转型滞后型和城乡转型同步型四种类型。（3）推进淮海经济区城乡融合发展的关键是要突破城乡二元结构和区域发展“碎片化”困境,分类推进城乡协同转型发展,加强省际交界区城乡发展的跨域协同。     

事故树分析法在预防自动取款机犯罪活动中的应用

笔者将事故树分析法(FTA)运用到银行领域,预防作案人利用自动取款机(ATM)进行犯罪活动,定性分析其犯罪活动发生的过程,导出引起犯罪活动发生的基本原因事件;建立了相应的事故树图;得出了最小割集、最小径集,比较了各基本原因事件的割集重要系数。最后结合各基本原因事件,从人-机-环系统的角度出发(用户和银行方面、ATM自身设计、环境布置),为银行ATM系统安全性能方面的改善,控制犯罪活动的发生提出一些应对措施。