一起电梯“掉层”故障的分析及处理

针对电梯“掉层”故障,通过现场勘查和模拟试验等方法,对电梯“掉层”现象的原因进了分析,提出了相应的处理和预防措施。     

加大力度切实做好生态环境保护工作——阿勒泰地区环保工作谈

阿勒泰地区面积约 1 1 .7× 1 0 4 km2 ,拥有广阔的森林和充沛的水资源。有 1个国家级和 3个自治区级自然保护区 ,在保护区内栖息着众多的国家一、二类保护动物和珍禽异兽 ,有较丰富的生物多样性 ,属生态环境大区。做好该地区的生态环境保护的管理工作十分重要 ,通过多年的实际工作经验及心得 ,谈了作者对阿勒泰地区生态环境保护工作的思路     

Long-term trends of fine particulate matter and chemical composition in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone (PRDEZ), China

Understanding the trends in PM_2.5 levels is essential for formulating clean air plans. This paper analyzes PM_2.5 data from various published sources for the years 2000 to 2010 in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone (PRDEZ). The long-term variation in PM_2.5 mass concentration is analyzed. Results show that PM_2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and SO42− show a similar trend, increasing before 2005 and then decreasing slightly. The annual average PM_2.5 concentration ranges from 49.1 μg·m⁻³ in 2000 to 64.3 μg·m⁻³ in 2010, with a peak of 84.1 μg·m⁻³ in 2004. None of these 11 years meets the new National Ambient Air Quality standard (NAAQS) for PM_2.5 (35 μg·m⁻³). Overall average concentrations of OC, EC, and SO42− are 13.0, 6.5, and 11.8 μg·m⁻³, respectively. NO3− and NH4+ respectively have concentrations of 1.5 μg·m⁻³ and 2.9 μg·m⁻³ in 2000 and 6.4 μg·m⁻³ and 5.3 μg·m⁻³ in 2010, with a statistically significant average annual trend of+ 0.2 μg·m⁻³·yr⁻¹ and+ 0.1 μg·m⁻³·yr⁻¹. In certain geographic regions, OC and EC contribute most of the PM_2.5, while in other regions secondary water-soluble ions are more important. In general, OC and SO42− are the dominant components of PM_2.5, contributing 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. These results provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the long-term PM_2.5 characteristics and trends, on a species-by-species basis, in the PRDEZ. The results indicate that PM_2.5 abatement needs to prioritize secondary species.     

区域环评是EIA向SEA的过渡--以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例介绍SEA

环境影响评价的发展过程就是人们对环境认识深化的过程。本文对我国环境影响评价的发展进程进行了分析,并以沈阳农业高新技术开发区规划环评为例,简要介绍了规划环评的方法。     

Natural radioactivity levels in topsoil from the Pearl River Delta Zone, Guangdong, China

Concentrations of the natural radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K have been measured by γ-ray spectrometry in 796 topsoil samples from the Pearl River Delta Zone (PRDZ) of Guangdong, China. The mean concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were found to be 140 ± 37 Bq kg⁻¹, 134 ± 41 Bq kg⁻¹, 187 ± 80 Bq kg⁻¹ and 680 ± 203 Bq kg⁻¹ dry mass, respectively. These values were all higher than the mean values in soil for China and the world. Outdoor air-absorbed dose rates, calculated from activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, ranged from 86 to 237 nGy h⁻¹, with a mean value of 165 ± 46 nGy h⁻¹. The corresponding annual outdoor effective dose rate per person was estimated to be between 0.11 and 0.29 mSv y⁻¹, with a mean value of 0.20 ± 0.06 mSv y⁻¹, which was also higher than the world mean value of 0.07 mSv y⁻¹. The radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq) and the external hazard index (I_r) resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 230 to 676 Bq kg⁻¹ and from 0.6 to 1.8, respectively. The Ra_eq and the I_r in all the investigated regions were up to 75% higher than the set limits of 370 Bq kg⁻¹ and 1.0, respectively.     

芜湖经济技术开发区土地集约利用评价研究

通过界定开发区土地集约利用内涵,构建评价指标体系,运用特尔斐法、多因素综合评价法,选择评价模型并确定权重,对芜湖经济技术开发区进行土地集约利用评价。结果表明,开发区土地集约利用度综合分值较高,但区内综合容积率偏低,投资产出比有待提高。提出以规划、产业结构调整等促进土地集约利用的政策措施,并对评价指标体系和思路进行了讨论。     

Cost-based fire risk assessment in natural gas industry by means of fuzzy FTA and ETA

Fire is the most prevalent accident in natural gas facilities. In order to assess the risk of fire in a gas processing plant, a fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA) has been developed in this paper. By utilizing FTA and ETA, the paths leading to an outcome event would be visually demonstrated. The framework was applied to a case study of processing plant in South Pars gas complex. All major underlying causes of fire accident in a gas processing facility determined through a process hazard analysis (PHA). Fuzzy logic has been employed to derive likelihood of basic events in FTA from uncertain opinion of experts. The outcome events in event tree has been simulated by computer model to evaluate their severity. In the proposed methodology the calculated risk has the unit of cost per year which allows the decision makers to discern the benefit of their investment in safety measures and risk mitigation.     

检验用起重机供电电源断错相自动切换装置的设计

起重机供电电源断错相保护功能的常规检验方法较为烦琐,有时还可能影响检验结果的正确判断.设计一种供电电源断错相自动切换装置用于断错相保护功能的检验,以降低劳动强度、提高检验效率,并有效保证检验结论的正确性.     

由地震活动参数分析郯城—庐江断裂带中南段现今活动习性及强震、中强震危险性

根据近38年的地震资料,利用地震活动参数值组合、b值空间分布、断裂带分段,结合历史地震及构造背景的综合分析方法,分析了郯城—庐江断裂带中南段现今地震活动习性,判别出潜在的强震、中强震危险段落。研究结果表明:郯城—庐江断裂带中南段存在着6个具有不同现今活动习性的分段落,其中,郯城—泗洪段断层面的现今活动习性处于高应力背景下的相对闭锁状态,是未来最有可能发生强震的段落;九江段于2005年发生了5.7级地震,积累多年的能量已经释放,闭锁状态已被打开,现处于震后震源断层面应力调整阶段,出现了低b值、高应力的状态,因此,短期内不可能再复发中强以上地震;潍坊—莒县段、定远段、合肥—庐江段、宿松段的现今活动则处于低应力水平状态,较短时期内复发中强以上地震的可能性较小。     

苏州高新区电子信息业循环经济发展的对策

本论文以产业生态学的角度和循环经济的理念，剖析了苏州高新区电子信息业的现状及问题。继而分别从企业、行业、社会这三个层面重点提出了苏州高新区电子信息业发展循环经济的对策。为其按循环经济的规律运行作了有益的探索，也为其循环经济的顺利开展提供了科学依据。