低温SMBR系统中高粘性膨胀的发生与控制

利用一体式膜生物反应器(SMBR),研究了低温时的高粘性膨胀现象。结果表明:当温度为8℃,SRT为60d时发生了严重的高粘性膨胀。膨胀期间,SMBR对COD的去除并无太大影响,但NH3-N和TN的去除率降低。高粘性膨胀使膜污染速率大大增加,降低了膜清洗周期。通过调整进水配方、增加排泥次数、加大曝气量等方法控制了膨胀现象。     

Study of Ni adsorption on NKF-6 zeolite

The adsorption of ⁶³Ni from aqueous solutions using NKF-6 zeolite was investigated by a batch technique under ambient conditions. The adsorption was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, humic substances (FA/HA) and temperature. The kinetic adsorption was well described by the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The adsorption of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength, and the adsorption of ⁶³Ni increased with increasing NKF-6 zeolite content. At low pH values, the presence of FA enhanced the adsorption of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite, but the presence of HA had no drastic effect. At high pH values, the presence of FA or HA decreased the adsorption of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite. The adsorption isotherms were well represented by the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters (i.e., ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰and ΔG⁰) for the adsorption of ⁶³Ni were determined from the temperature dependent isotherms at 293.15, 313.15 and 333.15 °K, respectively, and the results indicate that the adsorption reaction was favored at high temperature. The results suggest that the adsorption process of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite is spontaneous and endothermic.     

Kinetic studies of adsorption of thiocyanate onto ZnCl2 activated carbon from coir pith, an agricultural solid waste

The adsorption of thiocyanate onto ZnCl₂ activated carbon developed from coir pith was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent. The influence of various parameters such as agitation time, thiocyanate concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature has been studied. Adsorption followed second-order rate kinetics. Two theoretical adsorption isotherms, namely, Langmuir and Freundlich were used to describe the experimental results. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q₀) was found to be 16.2 mg g⁻¹ of the adsorbent. The per cent adsorption was maximum in the pH range 3.0–7.0. pH effect and desorption studies showed that ion exchange and chemisorption mechanism are involved in the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰ for the adsorption were evaluated. The negative values of ΔH⁰ confirm the exothermic nature of adsorption. Effects of foreign ions on the adsorption of thiocyanate have been investigated. Removal of thiocyanate from ground water was also tested.     

Effect of temperature tuning on the aerosol acoustic aggregation process

Diesel exhaust aerosols(DEAs) can absorb and accumulate toxic metal particulates and bacteria suspended in the atmospheric environment, which impact human health and the environment.The use of acoustic standing waves(ASWs) to aggregate DEA is currently considered to be an efficient particle removal method; however, study of the effect of different temperatures on the acoustic aggregation process is scarce. To explore the method and technology to regulate and optimize the aerosol aggregation process through temperature tuning, an acoustic apparatus integrated with a temperature regulation function was constructed. Using this apparatus, the effect of different characteristic temperatures(CTs) on the aerosol aggregation process was investigated experimentally in the ASW environment. Under constant conditions of acoustic frequency 1.286 kHz, voltage amplitude 17 V and input electric power 16.7 W, the study concentrated on temperature effects on the aggregation process in the CT range of 58–72°C. The DEA opacity was used. The results demonstrate that the aggregation process is quite sensitive to the CT, and that the optimal DEA aggregation can be achieved at 66°C. The aggregated particles of 68.17 μm are composed of small nanoparticles of 13.34–62.15 nm. At CTs higher and lower than 66°C, the apparatus in non-resonance mode reduces the DEA aggregation level. For other instruments, the method for obtaining the optimum temperature for acoustic agglomeration is universal. This preliminary demonstration shows that the use of acoustic technology to regulate the aerosol aggregation process through tuning the operating temperature is feasible and convenient.     

掘进工作面围岩散热的有限元计算

掘进工作面的围岩散热是至今尚未解决的一个重要问题。笔者根据掘进工作面围岩温度场的特点 ,分析了移动柱坐标下的导热微分方程 ,合理地确定了温度场边界、划分了单元格 ;推导了该特定导热微分方程的变分方程 ,阐述了有限元解算的原理 ;论述了由温度场解算结果计算围岩散热量的方法。由此原理和方法 ,编制了计算机程序 ,以一个简单的实例 ,分析了掘进工作面围岩温度场及其散热的特点和规律     

无粘结预应力混凝土框架的火灾试验

首先对一榀单层单跨的无粘结预应力混凝土框架进行了常温下的加载破坏试验，然后通过模拟真实火灾环境，对四榀单层单跨的无粘结预应力混凝土框架进行了不同恒载、不同升温曲线、不同预应力度各工况的火灾试验，并进行了试验分析，从而为无粘结预应力混凝土框架的火灾反应分析提供了可靠的数据。     

A stochastic model of urinary nitrogen and water flow in grassland soil in New Zealand

A mathematical model of urinary nitrogen and water flow in soil has been developed that incorporated stochastic rainfall and stochastic temperature events. This model was used to characterise the variability in urine patch nitrogen leaching at Taupo, New Zealand. This stochastic model was also used to more accurately determine the effect of urinary patch overlap on cow urinary nitrogen flow and leaching in soil. Nitrogen leaching from single urine deposits on pasture in the winter ranged from 0 to 75% of applied nitrogen as a result of stochastic rainfall events. Rainfall effects explained 98% of the variance in nitrogen leaching due to stochastic rainfall and temperature effects combined. The model predicted that on average 38, 61, and 71% of the nitrogen in single, double and triple urine patches is leached in the winter. Nitrogen leaching rates were significantly greater in the winter than the summer months. The distribution in the amount of nitrogen leached from single urine patches was close to normal in the winter but approximately exponentially distributed in the summer. The variability in total nitrogen leached from a field also decreased as the stocking rate increased. A quantitative modelling framework is crucial for understanding nitrogen transport in pastoral systems and for effectively setting and enforcing restrictions imposed by regulatory bodies on nitrogen losses from pastoral farming and this study represents a component of this framework.     

电导率温度校正计算方法的改进

通过实验，用分段函数较精确的表示出温度校正系数与温度的关系，对现行电导率温度校正公式进行了改进，可以简化测量过程，提高计算精度。     

武汉市大气中TSP、SO_2、NO_x、CO的变化规律研究

对武汉市大气中 TSP、SO2 、NOx、CO浓度的日、月、年变化规律以及 TSP、NOx 浓度和车流量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :SO2 浓度与温度之间呈显著性负相关关系 ,NOx 浓度和车流量之间呈显著性正相关关系 ,TSP与 NOx、CO浓度的变化趋势一致 ,机动车尾气烟尘及行驶引起的扬尘 ,将是 TSP的主要来源     

铝-锂合金垂直半连铸凝固过程温度场模拟

在阐述Al-Li合金熔铸特点基础上讨论了该合金垂直半连铸凝固过程温度场模拟问题.讨论时.把问题当作非稳态,并考虑结晶潜热.用交替隐式差分法计算了不同熔铸工艺条件下的温度场.对计算结果作了分析.讨论并和实验结果作了对比,指出了熔铸工艺条件对温度场的影响.