ITS数据质量控制技术及应用研究

通过总结智能交通系统 (ITS)数据质量控制中所涉及的数据属性 ,提出了ITS数据质量控制算法 :根据阈值理论和交通流理论 ,针对错误数据、丢失数据和不精确数据设计相应的判别规则 ,利用数值计算方法对其进行修正 ,并提出了针对数据中的不规则时间点的修正算法。在对北京市和美国圣安东尼奥市的两组不同时间序列的ITS数据进行实践应用后 ,比较质量控制前后的数据特征 ,证明所提出的算法能够有效地解决数据质量问题 ,提高数据的精确度。最后 ,对国内外ITS数据进行质量控制后的结论和经验作了总结。     

Dangerous good transportation by road: from risk analysis to emergency planning

Despite the relative recent move towards inherent safe materials, the relentless drive of consumerism requires increased quantities of dangerous goods to be manufactured, transported, stored and used year on year. The safety and effectiveness of road transport systems is to be considered a strategic goal in particular in those countries, like Italy, in which 80% of goods are transported by this means. In this paper, we face the risk from dangerous good transport by presenting a site-oriented framework for risk assessment and developing a theoretical approach for emergency planning and optimisation. In the first step, we collected field data on a pilot highway and developed a database useful to allow a realistic evaluation of the accident frequency on a given route, by means of multivariate statistical analysis. To this end, we considered both inherent factors (such as tunnels, bend radii, height gradient, slope etc), meteorological factors, and traffic factors (traffic frequency of tank truck, dangerous good truck etc.) suitable to modify the standard national accident frequency. By applying the results to a pilot area, referring to flammable and explosive scenarios, we performed a risk assessment sensitive to route features and population exposed. The results show that the risk associated to the transport of hazardous materials, in some highway stretches, can be at the boundary of the acceptability level of risk set down by the well known F/N curves established in the Netherlands. On this basis, in the subsequent step, we developed a theoretical approach, based on the graph theory, to plan optimal emergency actions. The effectiveness of an emergency planning can normally be evaluated in term of system quickness and reliability. As a case study, we applied the developed approach to identify optimal consistency and localisation in the pilot area of ‘prompt action vehicles’, properly equipped, quick to move and ready for every eventuality. Applying this method results in an unambiguous and consistent selection criterion that allows reduction of intervention time, in connection with technical and economic optimisation of emergency equipment.     

铁路运输生产规模与运输安全投入的关系分析

适应运输对象对运输量和运输安全的需求，应保证一定的铁路运输生产规模和运输安全投入。文章论述了两者的概念和内容以及它们在数量和时间上的关系     

Road traffic and nearby grassland bird patterns in a suburbanizing landscape

An extensive road system with rapidly increasing traffic produces diverse ecological effects that cover a large land area. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of roads with different traffic volumes on surrounding avian distributions, and its importance relative to other variables. Grassland bird data (5 years) for 84 open patches in an outer suburban/rural landscape near Boston were analyzed relative to: distance from roads with 3000–8000 to >30,000 vehicles/day; open-habitat patch size; area of quality microhabitat within a patch; adjacent land use; and distance to other open patches. Grassland bird presence and regular breeding correlated significantly with both distance from road and habitat patch size. Distance to nearest other open patch, irrespective of size, was not significant. Similarly, except for one species, adjacent land use, in this case built area, was not significant. A light traffic volume of 3000–8000 vehicles/day (local collector street here) had no significant effect on grassland bird distribution. For moderate traffic of 8000–15,000 (through street), there was no effect on bird presence although regular breeding was reduced for 400 m from a road. For heavier traffic of 15,000–30,000 (two-lane highway), both bird presence and breeding were decreased for 700 m. For a heavy traffic volume of ≥30,000 vehicles/day (multilane highway), bird presence and breeding were reduced for 1200 m from a road. The results suggest that avian studies and long-term surveys near busy roads may be strongly affected by traffic volume or changes in volume. We conclude that road ecology, especially the effects extending outward >100 m from roads with traffic, is a sine qua non for effective land-use and transportation policy.     

基于智能交通运输系统(ITS)的交通安全控制体系研究

道路交通事故是当今世界最严重的公害之一 ,道路交通安全问题也受到世界各国的广泛重视。近十年 ,全球发展较快的智能交通运输系统 (ITS)使传统的交通运输状况大为改善 ,大大地提高了现有道路网的通行能力和交通运输的安全性 ,削弱或消除了以往诱发交通事故的不安全因素 ,有效地减少了交通事故的发生。笔者在简述了ITS的应用概况、基本功能以及智能汽车理论研发内容的基础上 ,论述了以ITS技术为基础的交通安全控制体系框架及其功效 ,阐明了我国快速发展ITS技术对提高道路交通安全水平具有重要的战略意义。     

危险化学品公路运输事故原因分析与对策

笔者针对危险化学品的公路运输事故 ,从管理原因、人的失误、设备设施的缺陷、路况与环境影响等四方面原因逐一进行剖析 ,进而对政府部门和运输业户提出危险化学品公路运输事故的预防措施     

铁路行包营运管理信息系统安全监控仿真研究

从系统平台、通讯网络、数据库和业务应用系统 4个方面 ,分析了影响铁路行包营运管理信息系统安全的主要因素。借鉴国际标准化组织 (ISO)提出的开放式系统互联参考模型 (OSI RM )和Manager Agent模式 ,设计了层次型安全监控仿真系统 ,并在UnicenterTNG软件平台上进行了实现。实验结果表明 ,该仿真系统能够较好地实现对行包营运管理信息安全以及业务流程的监视。     

运输系统中的危险辨识及其安全控制

笔者将运输系统的危险分为两类 :固有危险、变动危险 ;并给出两类危险的定义 ;对构成两类危险的因子进行了深入的讨论 ;提出辨识运输系统两类危险的基本方法 ,即静态辨识法和动态辨识法 ;对两种方法的应用范围及条件进行了初步界定。在对运输系统进行危险辨识的基础上 ,就如何运用控制论的理论与方法解决运输系统的安全控制问题进行探讨 ;提出系统安全状况的恶化实际上是系统中危险因素失控的结果。保证系统安全的核心任务是对系统危险因子进行控制。就运输系统而言 ,对系统变动危险因子的控制要比固有危险系统困难。     

我国铁路笨零货物运输安全管理对策研究

铁路笨零货物运输安全问题一直是铁路运输企业在安全方面十分关心的问题之一。近几年出现的几次因笨零货物装载不当引起的铁路运输事故 ,使得笨零运输安全问题更加引人注意。笔者分析了我国铁路笨零货物运输中存在的问题 ,包括管理工作 ,偏载偏重问题 ,车辆技术状态 ,笨零货物的装载加固 ,职工激励机制 ,货运员素质等 5方面 ,主要从优化笨零货物作业环节 ,改进笨零货运组织方法 ,注重安全第一 ,完善激励机制 ,加强理论及硬件建设等 7个方面提出了对策。     

Tourism impacts of Three Mile Island and other adverse events: Implications for Lincoln County and other rural counties bisected by radioactive wastes intended for Yucca Mountain

Whether the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository system will adversely impact tourism in southern Nevada is an open question of particular importance to visitor-oriented rural counties bisected by planned waste transportatin corridors (highway or rail). As part of one such county's repository impact assessment program, tourism implications of Three Mile Island (TMI) and other major hazard events have beem revisited to inform ongoing county-wide socioeconomic assessments and contingency planning efforts. This paper summarizes key research implications of such research as applied to Lincoln County, Nevada. Implications for other rural counties are discussed in light of the research findings.