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31.
作为水质浊度分析标准方法之一的便携式浊度计法,具有快速、简便、准确、可携带至现场的优点,但浊度仪在移动过程中会造成性能的不稳定。为了保证分析结果的精密性和准确性,有必要对浊度仪进行期间核查,因此通过方法比对和标准物质验证两种方法,对浊度仪进行期间核查,并探讨了WGZ-1数字浊度仪所测定的单位“NTU”与单位“度”之间的对应关系。 相似文献
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Pachepsky YA Guber AK Shelton DR McCarty GW 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(3):1365-1369
Manure and animal waste deposited on cropland and grazing lands serve as a source of microorganisms, some of which may be pathogenic. These microorganisms are released along with particles of dissolved manure during rainfall events. Relatively little if anything is known about the amounts and sizes of manure particles released during rainfall, that subsequently may serve as carriers, abode, and nutritional source for microorganisms. The objective of this work was to obtain and present the first experimental data on sizes of bovine manure particles released to runoff during simulated rainfall and leached through soil during subsequent infiltration. Experiments were conducted using 200 cm long boxes containing turfgrass soil sod; the boxes were designed so that rates of manure dissolution and subsequent infiltration and runoff could be monitored independently. Dairy manure was applied on the upper portion of boxes. Simulated rainfall (ca. 32.4 mm h(-1)) was applied for 90 min on boxes with stands of either live or dead grass. Electrical conductivity, turbidity, and particle size distributions obtained from laser diffractometry were determined in manure runoff and soil leachate samples. Turbidity of leachates and manure runoff samples decreased exponentially. Turbidity of manure runoff samples was on average 20% less than turbidity of soil leachate samples. Turbidity of leachate samples from boxes with dead grass was on average 30% less than from boxes with live grass. Particle size distributions in manure runoff and leachate suspensions remained remarkably stable after 15 min of runoff initiation, although the turbidity continued to decrease. Particles had the median diameter of 3.8 microm, and 90% of particles were between 0.6 and 17.8 microm. The particle size distributions were not affected by the grass status. Because manure particles are known to affect transport and retention of microbial pathogens in soil, more information needs to be collected about the concurrent release of pathogens and manure particles during rainfall events. 相似文献
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34.
Huan He Qinjin Yu Chaochao Lai Chen Zhang Muhan Liu Bin Huang Hongping Pu Xuejun Pan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(2):18-30
35.
In Taiwan, the turbidity of raw water for fresh water treatments can sometimes reach as high as 40 000 NTU due to intensive rainfall, especially in typhoon seasons. In response, water works often apply large quantities of coagulants such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl). In this study, simulated and natural highly turbid water was coagulated with two PACls, a commercial product (PACl-1) and a laboratory product (PACl-E). The Al species distributions of PACl-1 and PACl-E under various pH conditions were determined, and the corresponding coagulation efficiency was evaluated. The PACl-E has a wider range of operational pH, while the efficiency of PACl-1 peaks at around neutral pH. For simulated water up to 5000 NTU, the PACl-E was superior to PACl-1 at low dosage and in the pH range studied. Similar results were discovered with natural water, except that when the turbidity was extremely high, the coagulation efficiency of PACl-E decreased significantly due to the presence of large amounts of organic matter. The coagulation of PACl-E was closely related to the content of polycationic aluminium (Al13) while that of PACl-1 was dictated by the amount of Alc. The sludge from PACl-E coagulation had better dewaterability when the optimum dosage was applied. The experimental results suggest that for natural water up to 5000 NTU, PACl containing high Al13 species is recommended for coagulation. In cases when the water contains high organic matter, efficient coagulation depends upon enmeshment by amorphous aluminium hydroxide. 相似文献
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The suspended sediment concentration is a key element in stream monitoring, although the turbidity and acoustic Doppler backscattering may be suitable surrogate measures. Herein a series of new experiments were conducted in laboratory under controlled conditions using water and mud samples collected in a small subtropical estuary of Eastern Australia. The relationship between suspended sediment concentration and turbidity exhibited a linear relationship, while the relationships between suspended sediment concentration and acoustic backscatter intensity showed a monotonic increase. The calibration curves were affected by both sediment material characteristics and water quality properties, implying that the calibration of an acoustic Doppler system must be performed with the waters and soil materials of the natural system. The results were applied to some field studies in the estuary during which the acoustic Doppler velocimeter was sampled continuously at high frequency. The data yielded the instantaneous suspended sediment flux per unit area in the estuarine zone. They showed some significant fluctuations in instantaneous suspended mass flux, with a net upstream-suspended mass flux during flood tide and net downstream sediment flux during ebb tide. For each tidal cycle, the integration of the suspended sediment flux per unit area data with respect of time yielded some net upstream sediment flux in average. 相似文献
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有机酸性工业废水铁曝气中和预处理探讨 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
对某有机有毒酸性工业混合废水,采用铁刨花曝气还原加中和絮凝沉淀法进行预处理研究,色度八方经达85%以上,COD去除率达50%,初步改善了混合污水的可生化性能,减轻了后续生化处理工艺的有机负荷。 相似文献
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在矩形水槽中模拟了太湖底泥起动再悬浮规律,分析了湖流流速对太湖底泥再悬浮及NH4-N释放的作用规律.结果显示:当流速小于20 cm/s时,底泥并未发生大量悬浮,水体中浊度及NH4-N浓度变化不大;当流速大于40cm/s时,底泥发生大规模悬浮,水体中浊度和NH4-N浓度显著提高.试验以少量动作为底泥起动的标准,得出太湖底... 相似文献