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621.
新时期城市构造呈现多样性,加上城市化、工业化发展迅猛,城市的演变日新月异,如何对城市土壤环境监测点位布设的方法进行取舍是十分关键的,本文详细介绍了城市土壤环境监测点位布设的方法以及其应用的研究分析,希望能为我国城市土壤环境监测的相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
622.
城市在不断发展的过程中会面临越来越多的外来人口,虽然可以促进城市经济迅速发展,但同时也对城市的生态环境造成严重的破坏。城市河道是生态环境的重要组成部分,城市河道可以有效防止城市发生内涝,为城市的发展保驾护航。近几年来,城市河道遭到的污染日益严重,其生态系统面临许多问题,为了完善城市河道的功能,就要对其生态系统进行修复,使其更好地发挥出作用。 相似文献
623.
Fang Zhang Hao Zhang Ying Yuan Dun Liu Chenyu Zhu Di Zheng Guanghe Li Yuquan Wei Dan Sun 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):28
624.
625.
对上海市某综合型城市地下空间空气进行采样、监测,得到CO 2、TVOC、甲醛、微生物、PM 10、PM 2.5等6类污染物的特征分布,基于国内外不同的空气质量标准作分析比较。结果表明,该典型综合型地下空间的空气污染情况较普遍,其中甲醛、TVOC污染较为突出,平均浓度超标倍数分别为1.056倍、3.755倍;共发现9种潜在致病菌属,占总数的0.893%。地下空间污染物的累积与内部建筑的设计、装修、功能属性、空调系统等众多因素有关。 相似文献
626.
Modeling Water Quantity and Sulfate Concentrations in the Devils Lake Watershed Using Coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2
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Afshin Shabani Xiaodong Zhang Mike Ell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(4):748-760
Devils Lake is an endorheic lake in the Red River of the North basin in northeastern North Dakota. During the last two decades, the lake water level has risen by nearly 10 m, causing floods that have cost more than 1 billion USD in mitigation measures. Another increase of approximately 1.5 m in the lake water level would cause spillage into the Sheyenne River. To alleviate this potentially catastrophic spillage, two artificial outlets were constructed. However, the artificial drainage of water into the Sheyenne River raises water quality concerns because the Devils Lake water contains significantly higher concentrations of dissolved solids, particularly sulfate. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was coupled with the CE‐QUAL‐W2 model to simulate both water balance and sulfate concentrations in the lake. The SWAT model performed well in simulating daily flow in tributaries with ENS > 0.5 and |PBIAS| < 25%, and reproduced the lake water level with a root mean square error of 0.35 m for the study period from 1995 to 2014. The water temperature and sulfate concentrations simulated by CE‐QUAL‐W2 for the lake are in general agreement with the field observations. The model results show that the operation of the two outlets since August 2005 has lowered the lake level by 0.70 m. Furthermore, the models show pumping water from the two outlets raises sulfate concentrations in the Sheyenne River from ~100 to >500 mg/L. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
627.
为了回注处理海上油田含油污泥,将其与聚合物溶液混合,制备聚合物驱调剖体系。系统评价了含油污泥对污泥-聚合物混合液的溶液性能、使用性能及驱油效果的影响。实验结果表明:当含油污泥浓度小于300 mg/L时,油泥颗粒的粒径范围为0.1~100μm,d_(90)为40~60μm,污泥-聚合物混合液的黏度、抗剪切及抗老化稳定性均得到增强,注入性不受显著影响,阻力系数及残余阻力系数略有增加;当采用油泥浓度为100 mg/L的污泥-聚合物混合液进行驱油实验时,聚驱采收率增幅为7.26百分比,然而含油污泥浓度的进一步升高对提高采收率并不利。 相似文献
628.
基于GIS的城市特大火灾蔓延模拟 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文将对城市特大火灾的蔓延机理进行深入剖析,并构建火灾蔓延的半经验半理论模型。该模型包括两个子模型,其一为个体建筑火灾发展的简化模型,其二为建筑物间的火灾蔓延模型。前者简化了个体建筑内部火灾发展与蔓延的复杂过程,仅简单评价了个体建筑火灾发展所处的阶段,即起火、轰燃、充分发展与倒塌,并计算出各阶段相应的物理量。后者则是从建筑物间火灾蔓延的机理入手,借鉴已有模型对两种主要的火灾蔓延方式热辐射与热对流进行模型的简化和修正,并且量化了影响建筑物间火灾蔓延的气象条件。最后,作者提供了基于GIS的城市特大火灾蔓延模拟方案,并将模拟方案用于对日本1995年阪神地震后神户市高桥医院周边一处起火进行火灾蔓延模拟,再将模拟结果与实际火灾蔓延结果进行对比,从对比中充分体现出模型的有效性。 相似文献
629.
Environmental indicator systems are a fundamental tool in quantifying the environmental component of sustainable development.
They are useful because they quantify the status and trends of key environmental parameters and provide information on the
environment that allows authorities and communities to make informed decisions. This article analyzes the basic framework
for Chinese environmental indicator systems and presents a “core” set of environmental indicators. In our research, we used
a theme approach to develop the environmental indicator systems. We performed two case studies of selected indicators. In
the first, we used an urban ambient air pollution composite index and an urban ambient air pollution indicator for three main
pollutants to examine trends in urban air pollution in China from 1990 to 2000 at regional and national levels. The results
indicate that China has made some progress towards controlling urban air pollution, but must do more in order to reach acceptable
pollution levels. We think that an aggregated index and disaggregated indicators have important complementary roles in the
policy-making processes. In the second case study, we developed and constructed a grassland degradation index that aggregates
information on the extent and severity of grassland degradation. Taking the Xilinhaote region of Inner Mongolia as the study
area, we calculated this index by combining remote-sensing data, a geographical information system (GIS), and field investigation.
Based on these results, we provide recommendations regarding further development and measurement of environmental indicators
in China. 相似文献
630.
This paper is concerned with the link between urban quality improvements and economic activity. A key question is whether improvements in the urban environment which might be achieved, for instance, through pedestrianisation, will affect business location choices - for example, are office or retail businesses particularly keen to locate in more pleasant urban places? The paper outlines the current state of development of the literature with respect to the influence of urban quality on economic activity, and proposes a framework for forecasting economic impacts based on three communities of reference: customers, employees, and the businesses themselves. The results from original modelling of a case study area in Manchester, England are reported and suggest that the positive uplifts that may be expected from environmental improvement programmes may well be on a scale which is significant. The research is obviously important for the urban regeneration and renaissance agendas which posit attractive and well-designed environments as a way to create the right conditions for promoting economic growth. 相似文献