资源和环境约束下的城市产业结构优化——以徐州市为例

徐州在传统工业化进程中取得了较大进展,但也存在着较大问题。徐州需要加快实现工业化进程的路径转换,坚定走新型工业化道路。应当寻求工业化与信息化互动的结合点和切入点;推进产业结构优化升级;强化科技创新和扩大对外开放。要牢固确立新的发展观,切实转变经济增长方式,大力发展循环经济,加强环境保护和生态建设,营造一流人居环境。按照新型工业化的要求,实现徐州城市的可持续发展。     

Urban hinterlands—the case of an Israeli town ecological footprint

Modern urban life is characterized by the consumption of materials and energy, which are imported from all over the world and discharge waste that in many cases has a negative impact on ecosystems far from the cities in which they consumed. Indeed, cities cannot survive without worldwide hinterlands for resources and emissions sequestration. The ecological footprint (EF) concept provides valuable insights into the human appropriation of resources relative to earth’s carrying capacity, and therefore it enables us to compare human demands with nature’s supply and provides an indicator of human ecological sustainability. An attempt was made to calculate the EF of Ra’anana, Israel as a case study, to compare the EF-value with the expected for ecological sustainability and to emphasize the dependence on overseas ecosystems. Ra’anana, a town of 67,300 inhabitants in the year 2002, is considered a ‘dormitory town’ with a high quality of life. The EF was calculated using mainly the component method. The calculated EF for Ra’anana is 4.0 ha/resident which means that the required hinterland, located all over the world, is nearly 180 times the size of the town. The town’s EF is twice the value expected for sustainability on a global scale. We draw several scenarios in order to reduce the EF. On a national basis as well as with the town case study, electric energy, food and waste can be reduced and in turn would have a dramatic impact on the EF.

城市湖泊水环境安全评价研究

以"百湖之市"的武汉市为例,应用PSR模型构建了城市湖泊水环境安全的评价指标体系,采取层次分析法对模型进行求解,并评价其安全等级,结果表明武汉市2003至2007年5年中湖泊水环境安全状况呈现不断好转的趋势,说明近年来武汉市在治理湖泊污染、保障湖泊水环境安全中所采取的一系列对策和措施是行之有效的。     

城市规划的战略环境影响评价方法研究

在分析城市规划环评基本程序的基础上,总结了城市规划环评应关注的重点内容,并针对城市规划的核心问题——用地布局的环境影响评价,提出了以环境问题为导向的评价方法。     

增加绿化面积减少沈阳灰霾的应用研究

通过对气候变暖和沈阳城市的发展造成沈阳城市热岛增强并加重大气污染的现状分析,提出通过增加绿化面积等措施,可将沈阳的灰霾日数控制在每年60d左右,还能够降低城市温度,增加空气湿度,提高人体舒适度并促进经济发展。     

城市土壤重金属污染现状与控制对策

阐述了城市土壤重金属的主要来源、空间分布特征、化学形态与影响因素,对人体的健康影响;提出预防与治理相结合的综合控制对策,并提出通过建立城市土壤重金属污染标准体系,为城市土壤重金属污染控制提供科学依据。     

ASM3在城市污水处理厂工艺调整中的应用

现今城市污水处理厂氨氮处理能力不强,工艺改进实验需要大量资金投入,为了解决这一问题．结合国际水质协会（IWA）开发推荐的活性污泥模型（ASM3）数学模型来寻找一个最佳的解决方案,以便对污水处理厂工艺优化分析及模拟优化改造。     

基于“多规融合”的城市环境空间管控技术体系研究

介绍了“多规融合”的发展历程,围绕实现生态环境空间管控的核心目标,提出了基于“多规融合”的城市尺度环境空间管控技术体系。该体系主要包括环境空间管控技术方法和空间落地技术方法两部分内容,其中,环境空间管控技术方法主要是生态保护红线划定等涉及空间的生态环境保护主要工作转化为环境空间管控数据的过程,空间落地技术方法是将环境空间管控数据在空间上落地,形成数据“一个库”、分布“一张图”。     

盐分和淹水增加对河口潮汐淡水沼泽湿地土壤磷形态和磷酸酶活性的影响

选取中国东南沿海闽江河口潮汐淡水沼泽湿地土壤作为研究对象,研究不同盐分(淡水对照、低盐处理、高盐处理)和不同淹水(CK、CK+15 cm、CK+30 cm)交互处理对土壤磷形态和磷酸酶活性的影响.结果表明,在闽江河口潮汐淡水沼泽湿地土壤中,无机磷是土壤总磷的主要赋存形态,约占总磷含量的68%~82%,有机磷含量约占总磷的18%~32%.无机磷以铁铝结合态磷为主(60%~66%),其次为钙结合态磷和闭蓄态磷.淹水处理对磷的总量和形态的影响有限,盐分变化对磷的总量和形态影响显著.低盐处理可增加铁铝结合态磷、闭蓄态磷含量及碱性磷酸酶活性,而高盐处理则对它们表现出抑制作用.随着盐分的增加,土壤总磷含量逐渐降低,土壤中钙结合态磷含量和磷酸盐含量将逐渐升高.相关分析表明,有机磷含量与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性呈负相关,无机磷含量与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性呈正相关.当盐分由淡水变化至低盐时,土壤磷的形态主要由有机磷向无机磷转化;而当盐分由低盐变化至高盐时,无机磷占比降低,有机磷占比增加.研究结果表明,碱性磷酸酶活性在磷形态对盐分和淹水的响应中发挥着重要作用.     

Ecological risk assessment from the viewpoint of surface water pollution in Xiamen City,China

The ecological security of urban surface water is subject to significant risk due to rapid urbanization. Pollutant discharge and accumulation are among the most critical stressors endangering urban surface water and affecting the normal operation of urban aquatic ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed how pollutant accumulation stresses water purification systems, which perform important urban ecosystem services. First, we applied a water environmental capacity model to calculate thresholds of urban surface water environmental capacity under a given water quality target. Second, based on a stepwise regression method, an equation was used to describe the relationship between stressor factors (pollutant accumulation) and measurable socioeconomic indicators. Third, an ecological risk index was used as an assessment endpoint indicator to assess the negative ecological effect of pollutant accumulation. Finally, risk level was classified according to the risk quotient method. Taking Xiamen City as an example, we analyzed the contribution of different sources of pollutants and evaluated the urban ecological risk posed by two major contaminants present in the environment by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N). The results show that the ecological risk indexes of both COD and NH₄⁺-N are expected to decrease from 2020 to 2030; that of COD is expected to fall from medium to low, whereas that of NH₄⁺-N is expected to fall from high to medium. These findings demonstrate that the ecological risk posed to the surface water in Xiamen City can be reduced by controlling population growth, optimizing industrial structure, and promoting economic development.