基于不同指标无量纲化方法的岩爆预测模型优选

为研究不同指标无量纲化方法对岩爆等级预测模型精度的影响,提高岩爆预测准确率,选取应力系数、脆性系数和弹性能量指数作为预测指标。基于104组岩爆实例大样本数据,采用统一极差处理法、差异化极差处理法、平均化处理法和归一化处理法4种指标无量钢化方法,对预测指标的原始数据进行处理,建立不同的岩爆预测距离判别模型并进行工程实例应用。研究结果表明:基于平均化处理法的岩爆预测模型的回判准确率高达97.1%;对不同矿山、隧道和水电站的6个工程实例的预测结果符合实际情况,说明其是一种准确率高、方便实用的岩爆预测模型。     

基于反赋权与MBCT-SR多维云模型算法岩爆预测研究

基于岩爆事故的模糊性与随机性特征,为解决在当前岩爆烈度等级预测研究中,通过正向云发生器经验式计算多维云模型特征值进而导致预测结果主观性较强的问题.本文选取应力比Ts=σθ/σt、岩石脆性指数B=σc/σt以及弹性应变储能指数Wet作为评价指标,结合机器学习理论,采用多维逆向MBCT-SR云发生器算法对岩爆等级进行预测,...     

The armoured dissorophid Cacops from the Early Permian of Oklahoma and the exploitation of the terrestrial realm by amphibians

Cacops, one of the most distinctive Paleozoic amphibians, is part of a clade of dissorophoid temnospondyls that diversified in the equatorial region of Pangea during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, persisting into the Late Permian in Central Russia and China. Dissorophids were a successful group of fully terrestrial, often spectacularly armoured predators, the only amphibians apparently able to coexist with amniotes when the latter started to dominate terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper, we describe excellent new skulls from the Early Permian of Oklahoma attributed to Cacops, Cacops morrisi sp. nov. and provide for the first time detailed information about this iconic dissorophid. These specimens show anatomical and ontogenetic features that will impact on future studies on the evolution of terrestriality in tetrapods. For example, the large, posteriorly closed tympanic embayment has fine striations on an otherwise smooth surface, documenting the oldest known clear evidence for the presence of a tympanic membrane in the fossil record, a structure that is used for hearing airborne sound in extant tetrapods. The skull of C. morrisi also has several features associated with predatory behaviour, indicating that this dissorophid may have been one of the top terrestrial predators of its time.     

V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

● V-shaped substrate was obtained for SERS analysis of microplastics (diameter ≈ 1 μm). ● Enhancement factor of V-shaped substrate can reach 20 in microplastics detection. ● V-shaped nanopore array can bring additional volume enhancement. ● V-shaped substrate was more economic in application compared to Klarite substrate. Research on the microplastics (MPs) is developing towards smaller size, but corresponding methods for the rapid and accurate detection of microplastics, especially nanoplastics still present challenge. In this work, a novel surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate was developed for the rapid detection of microplastic particles below 5 μm. The gold nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited onto the surface and into the V-shaped nanopores of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) through magnetron sputtering or ion sputtering, and then AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was obtained and studied for microplastic detection. SERS performance of AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was evaluated through the detection of polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate microspheres. Results indicated that individual polystyrene sphere with a diameter of 1 μm can be well detected on AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate, and the maximum enhancement factor (EF) can reach 20. In addition, microplastics in ambient atmospheric samples were collected and tested to verify the effectiveness of the AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate in the real environment. This study provides a rapid, economic and simple method for detecting and identifying microplastics with small size.     

Analysis of floc morphology in a continuous-flow flocculation and sedimentation reactor

The floc morphology was investigated in a continuous-flow reactor, in order to understand the evolution of flocs in practical flocculation and sedimentation processes in water utilities. Kaolin-humic acid suspension was used as the test water, and polyaluminum chloride was chosen as the coagulant. An in-situ recognition system was applied to analyze the floc size, boundary fractal dimension, and eccentricity ratios. Particle numbers and turbidity were also determined in the sedimentation stage. At a coagulant dose of 1 mg/L as Al, the average floc size increased from 62 to 78 μm and the boundary fractal dimension was around 1.14, suggesting that flocs were compact and continuously grew during the entire flocculation process. However, with the dose increased to 5 mg/L, the average floc size decreased and stabilized at around 65 μm, with the fractal dimension of 1.20. It can be concluded that the excess coagulant doses resulted in the formation of chain-shaped, lower density, and more branched structure flocs, thereby restricting flocs' further growth in the subsequent flocculation. Floc morphology analysis suggested that charge neutralization dominated in the initial flocculation stage, then the bridge and sweep mechanisms were dominant in the subsequent flocculation. In addition, compared with the traditional inclined plate settler, a novel V-shaped plate settler introduced in this study had an advantage in small size floc(less than 5 μm) removal. The V-shaped region could promote aggregate restructuring and re-flocculation; therefore, the V-shaped plate settler provides an alternative method for sedimentation.     

深部孤岛工作面区段煤柱冲击地压的试验研究

以冲击启动理论为基础,结合覆岩空间结构思想,采用相似模拟试验方法,研究了孤岛工作面上覆岩层空间结构特点及采动围岩应力场的分布、变化规律,进一步探讨了孤岛工作面区段煤柱冲击地压发生机理。结果表明,两侧充分开采的孤岛工作面上覆岩层呈"C"型覆岩空间结构,工作面承受上部岩层及两侧采空区上覆岩层转移过来的部分岩层重量,在工作面两侧形成应力集中区域,导致采动围岩应力场达到极限平衡状态,该集中应力可视为采动围岩近场极限平衡系统的静载荷。孤岛工作面开采过程中"C"型覆岩空间结构逐渐演化形成"W"型空间结构,极限平衡系统静载荷发生转移和改变,最终由上下区段煤柱全部承担上覆岩层重量,系统载荷增至最大,处于临界失稳状态。"W"型覆岩空间结构大面积失稳,为系统提供了外动载荷,系统在动载荷的扰动下突破平衡极限,从而发生区段煤柱冲击。最后,基于孤岛工作面应力分布规律确定了区段煤柱的合理尺寸。     

临近断层特厚煤层分层开采冲击地压发生机制

为了研究临近断层分层开采的冲击地压发生机制,以老虎台矿特厚煤层开采为研究背景,采用地质动力区划方法、数值模拟和现场监测方法对井田的地质动力环境、临近断层开采的围岩应力分布规律和断层滑移特征及其与冲击地压的关系进行了研究。采用地质动力区划方法,将老虎台井田断裂构造划分为5级,通过地震和矿震分布情况,确定老虎台矿地质构造活跃,处于较高的应力环境;采用FLAC3D数值模拟和锚索应力监测方法,分析断层围岩应力演化规律和断层滑移规律,在断层和开采共同作用下工作面断层侧超前支承压力急剧升高。结果表明,地质动力环境为冲击地压的发生创造了外界环境条件,断层和采动的耦合作用是冲击地压诱发的主要原因。     

Molecular genetic prenatal diagnosis for a case of autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis

Autosomal recessive spondylocostal dysostosis type 1 (ARSCD1) is a member of the heterogeneous group of disorders termed the spondylocostal dysostoses that are characterized by multiple vertebral segmentation defects and rib anomalies. In these patients, the entire vertebral column is malformed and is replaced by multiple hemivertebrae giving rise to truncal shortening, abdominal protrusion and non-progressive spinal curvature. Genetic studies have shown that some cases of ARSCD are due to mutations in the somitogenesis gene, Delta-like 3 (DLL3), that encodes a ligand for the Notch signalling pathway—ARSCD type 1. To date, 17 different DLL3 gene mutations have been reported. A consanguineous family of Turkish origin with ARSCD type 1 due to a homozygous DLL3 mutation requested genetic prenatal diagnosis. Using DNA from a chorionic villus sample, both linkage analysis of the DLL3/19q region and direct sequencing for the familial mutation demonstrated that the unborn fetus was an unaffected carrier. This is the first case of molecular genetic prenatal diagnosis in any form of SCD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

老虎台矿55002#掘进面通过F7-1断层前后微震事件的时空特征分析

冲击地压作为一种特殊的矿压显现形式,对抚顺矿业集团老虎台矿深部开采的安全生产造成了严重的影响,在该矿的实际生产中,地质条件是引发冲击地压发生的重要因素。鉴于微震监测系统是目前在煤矿井下监测冲击地压应用较为广泛的手段之一,本文利用波兰ARAM IS/MA微震监测系统对老虎台矿55002掘进工作面通过F7-1断层前后的微震特征信号进行连续观测,分别从时间和空间上研究此掘进面通过断层前后的微震特征,验证了一种典型的冲击地压发生时间前后的微震活动规律,并结合实际地质条件从位置上分析了微震事件与断层等地质构造之间的关系,进而根据空间分析结果圈定了重点防治冲击地压区域,使老虎台矿在该工作面掘进生产中提前采取相应的防范措施,顺利通过断层等地质构造异常区域,确保了安全生产。     

矿用六边形折痕构件吸能防冲特性数值分析

为有效防治煤矿冲击地压,或在一定程度上减小冲击地压事故造成的损失,提出了一种矿用六边形折痕吸能防冲构件,构件防冲体现在构件被压溃过程中吸收冲击能、压溃空间给煤岩提供了一定的能量释放空间和构件恒力变形阶段为液压阀打开提供了时间.采用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了不同壁厚、不同凹角宽度、轴向“堆积”不同模块个数的构件的吸能特性,并与常规六边形薄壁进行了对比分析.结果表明,折痕引入能有效降低常规六边形构件的峰值载荷、载荷波动系数,提高能量吸收和增加冲程效率,验证了折痕构件的有效性.六边形折痕构件具有较高的冲程效率,模块凹角宽度及壁厚对冲程效率、吸能评价指标影响较小.载荷波动系数随壁厚增加而降低,构件的峰值载荷、平均压溃载荷及吸收能量随壁厚增加而增加.模块凹角宽度对构件的防冲性能影响较大,应选择合适的模块凹角宽度.随“堆积”模块数增加,峰值载荷降低,反力波动增大.防冲构件与现有液压支柱结合使用能提高支柱的防冲性能.