Modeling China's semiconductor industry fluorinated compound emissions and drafting a roadmap for climate protection

Fluorinated compounds (FC) are high-global warming potential (GWP) greenhouse gases used and emitted during the manufacture of silicon semiconductor devices. Following the U.S. EPA's PFC Emissions Vintage Model (PEVM), uncontrolled FC emissions are modeled as proportional to total manufactured layer area (TMLA) of silicon. FC emissions of World Semiconductor Council (WSC) charter member countries (Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the United States), which voluntarily committed in 1999 to lower FC emissions by 2010 to 10% of baseline year emissions, are modeled for the period 1995–2020. For this same period, emissions from Chinese manufacturers under alternative emission reduction scenarios are modeled. If Chinese manufacturers were to adopt a baseline year of 2005 and a reduction target of 10% below baseline year emissions to be achieved by 2020, emissions would be 3.4 MMTCO₂eq, comparable to the similarly projected controlled emissions of an average WSC charter member country (=16.3/5 MMTCO₂eq) in 2020. The relative stringency of the alternative reduction scenarios considered for China vary between 50 and 95% reduction compared to business as usual (BAU). This is comparable to the stringency of the WSC charter members’ goals for which FC emission reduction technologies are currently available.     

2010 World Expo and Urban Life Quality in Shanghai in Terms of Sustainable Development

Based on sustainable development theory and the UN＇s Human Development Index, this thesis puts forward what the quality of urban life implies, makes a study of the world Expo＇s potential influences on the urban life of Shanghai and advances the strategy and measures to strengthen the life-quality-facing urban management     

A critique of the official report on the evacuation of the World Trade Center: continued doubts

This paper criticises the conclusions and the unanswered questions in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s official report on the evacuation of the World Trade Center in New York City, United States, on 11 September 2001. It reviews the extent to which the report disregards several conventional statistical methods and comments on the NIST's refusal to share the machine‐readable data file with the scientific community for replication and further analysis. Problems lie in the sampling methods employed, the treatment of missing data, the use of ordinary least squares (OLS) with binary dependent variables, the failure to document the scalability of the scales used, the lack of tests to check for constant error variance, and the absence of overall fit tests of the model. There are also conceptual and theoretical issues, such as the absence in the report of considerations of the influence of group‐level processes and their impact on the collective behaviour of evacuating collectivities.     

世界与中国核电市场寿命周期探索

核电是高效、安全、清洁、经济的能源 ,但它和一切进入市场的产品一样 ,有其市场寿命周期。世界核电发展 5 0年 ,经历了市场寿命的投入期、成长期 ,现在处于成熟期 ;中国核电发展十多年 ,已进入成长期。笔者探索了世界与中国核电市场寿命分期 ,各期产生转换的动因 ,重点探讨了核电市场前景 ;同时认为 ,世界核电在未来的 2 0年左右 ,由于退役装机容量大于新增装机容量 ,可能出现阶段衰退 ,但会继续发展 ,进入新的寿命周期 ;而中国核电由于社会、经济快速发展 ,能源资源的不足 ,能源、电力结构调整与地区优化 ,环境与生态可持续发展等多方因素 ,仍需要不断发展 ,预测中国核电将有 6 0年以上的发展期。     

Heritage as exemplar: a pedagogical role for heritage studies in values education

Studies of heritage at all levels of education can help foster understanding of other peoples and cultures and of the environmental issues facing us all. Used judicially, such studies have a highly positive role to play in educating people everywhere to contribute to making the world a sustainable and just environment for future generations. They provide examples or case studies, in the pedagogical sense used by educationalists, that illustrate many valuable points that are central to a sound values education contributing to ensuring that the public, and hopefully the political elite, are engaged in a push for such a just and sustainable future. Individual examples of heritage sites, and especially of World Heritage properties, contain valuable lessons of great pedagogical value.     

2015年世界田联赛期间北京地区气溶胶成分遥感分析

基于OPAC模型,利用太阳-天空辐射计观测,对2015年世界田联锦标赛期间（2015-08-02-2015-09-23）北京地区的气溶胶各成分：黑碳（BC）、可溶性成分（WASO）、不可溶性成分（INSO）、沙尘成分（DUST）进行定量反演研究。结果显示：赛会中的气溶胶光学厚度（0.37）明显小于赛会前（0.98）和赛会后（0.95）;赛会中BC、WASO、INSO、DUST质量浓度（6.3、14.8、60.9、66.0 μg/m³）明显比赛会前的质量浓度（10.9、49.1、86.5、290.1 μg/m³）和赛会后的质量浓度（9.6、148.8、112.8、143.8 μg/m³）低。利用气溶胶成分的离线分析技术验证了BC的反演结果,两者的相关性较好,r为0.93。气溶胶光学厚度及各成分质量浓度的变化说明赛会期间北京地区采取的保障措施对空气质量提升起到了较好的作用。     

Greenwashed sports and environmental activism: Formula 1 and FIFA†

ABSTRACT

Formula 1 motor sport and the Men's World Cup of association football, two major sporting events on our calendars, are indirectly and directly responsible for environmental despoliation. They serve as advertisements for heavy industry, are designed for elite as much as mass consumption, and provide sponsors with dubious social licenses to operate. This occurs through the very mechanisms of the events themselves (engines in Formula 1, tourism in the World Cup) as well as their promotional externalities. I look at greenwashing claims made about these two sporting events and examine counter-discourses, then investigate economic and ecological citizenship. I suggest that a progressive agenda can be forwarded if Greenpeace, which runs campaigns related to these sports, works with its fellow elites, in the case of Formula 1, and with fans in the case of football. Doing so may be more effective than business-as-usual direct action.     

世博会展馆内的空气微生物污染控制

文章研究了世博会展馆内空气微生物污染的控制问题。研究表明,参观人数为400人／小时的情况下,展馆内微生物气溶胶产生量达到44000cfu／h·m^3。空调过滤系统若采用中效过滤,展馆内空气微生物浓度可至4406cfu／m^3,仍超过《室内空气质量标准》2500cfu／m^3的浓度限值,需使用消毒技术净化展馆内空气。增加中效过滤器能够有效去除可吸入颗粒物,有助于降低室内空气微生物浓度。     

上海世博会低碳实践及对中国低碳旅游发展启示

以低碳经济和低碳旅游为视角,全面总结上海世博会在低碳旅游规划、低碳场馆、低碳旅游交通、新能源利用、碳交易机制和平台的建立、城市最佳实践区的设置等方面的经验,以探索符合中国低碳经济特征的低碳旅游发展模式.