Dominance based fuzzy decision support framework for g-resilient (ecosilient) supplier selection: an empirical modelling

A novel decision support framework has been proposed herein to solve supplier selection problems by considering green as well as resiliency criteria, simultaneously. An expert team involving a finite number of Decision-Makers (DMs) is to be employed to obtain degree of importance of each of the evaluation criteria and also to assign an appropriate rating for each supplier alternative with respect to the criteria. Since subjective human judgment often bears some sort of ambiguity as well as vagueness, application of fuzzy set theory can be recommended in this context. The present work represents a dominance based decision support system in the light of fuzzy set theory which is basically a simplified version of TODIM and PROMETHEE. It explores dominance between two alternatives with respect to a particular criterion, based on which a global dominance measure is computed to facilitate ranking order of candidate suppliers. The approach proposed in this research seems straightforward which can exclude complex and tedious computational steps of TODIM as well as PROMETHEE. Application potential of the proposed dominance based fuzzy decision-making approach has been compared to that of Fuzzy-TOPSIS and Fuzzy-VIKOR. Good agreement has been observed. In addition to this, the concept of a unique performance index i.e. ‘g-resilient’ (also called ‘ecosilient’) index has been introduced to help in assessing suppliers’ overall performance extent. The work has also been extended to identify the ill (poor)-performing areas in which suppliers are lagging and seek further improvement towards enhancing g-resilient performance level.     

Genotoxicity assessment of human peripheral Lymphocytes induced by thallium(I) and thallium(III)

Thallium is a non-essential metal with a wide range of industrial uses. However, thallium is also a potential pollutant with high potential toxicity to humans. In the present study, we analyzed and compared the cellular and genotoxic effects of thallium in two main oxidation states by applying chromosome aberration assays to human peripheral lymphocytes. We observed that thallium(I) sulfate reduced the mitotic index at all tested concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 50 and 100 μg/mL), whereas thallium(III) chloride was toxic at concentrations ≥1 μg/mL. Thallium(I) and thallium(III) treatment significantly increased structural chromosomal aberrations, with and without gaps, and increased the percentage of aberrant cells without gaps. Furthermore, satellite associations and numerical chromosomal aberration tests showed significant differences at a few of the tested concentrations. The satellite association test is related to aneuploidy. Thallium salts increased satellite associations when hyperploid cells were observed. Our results indicated that the two oxidation states of thallium induced toxicity in vitro – i.e. cyto/genotoxic (clastogenic and aneuploidogenic) effects.     

组合指数在环境混合物联合毒性研究中的初步应用

化学品在实际环境中总是以组分繁杂多变的混合物形式存在,其混合物的毒性评估与预测一直是环境毒理学研究重点。在环境毒理学领域,浓度加和(concentration addition,CA)及独立作用(independent action,IA)是评估与预测化学混合物联合毒性的经典模型,一般认为CA适用于作用模式相似的混合物体系而IA适用于作用模式相异的混合物体系,但如何使用CA与IA一直存在争议。组合指数(combination index,CI)是在半数效应方程基础上发展起来的不依赖于作用模式的用于混合物联合毒性评估的混合物毒性指数,具有坚实的理论基础,不仅能定性地评估毒理学相互作用,也能定量地评估相互作用的大小,已在药物组合研究中得以广泛应用,近年来已引起环境毒理学研究者兴趣。本文就组合指数及药物组合应用、进入环境毒理学领域、与CA及IA的关系、存在的问题等几个方面进行评述,以期推进CI在化学混合物毒性评估与预测领域中的应用。     

Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution

Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution.     

土壤环境监测技术规范中的土壤环境质量评价问题

近年来,场地和土壤污染勘查评价与修复逐渐发展成为环境科学和土木工程领域的热点,场地和土壤修复业务随之愈来愈多。但土壤修复理论和技术发展相对缓慢,无法满足土壤修复行业发展的需要。实践中,在场地和土壤污染勘查与评价的现行标准中,对土壤环境质量评价仅考虑了土壤中某物质成分的人为超标问题,而忽视了土壤中自然异常而导致土壤中某物质成分超标问题的评价,且误将土壤中某物质成分的超标等级定为土壤污染程度等级的全部。针对这些问题,本文通过研究,在深入分析各领域土壤污染评价差异的基础上,提出了土壤污染评价的一般过程、方法和标准,供标准修订参考。     

芳烃化合物水溶解度的测定与估算

提出用色谱相对比保留体积（V_g（r））和分子连接世指数二元参数估算芳烃化合物水溶解度（Sw）。为此,测定了13种芳烃化合物在9种麦克雷诺常数（Mc）固定相上的V_g（r）,用振荡法测定其Sw,计算它们的一阶项分子连接性指数（¹X）和二阶项分子连接性指数（²X）,建立了9种固定相的,1_g¹X与1gSw（方程Ⅰ型）和2S与1gSW（方程Ⅱ型）的二元回归方程。F检验表明,回归方程总体高度显著相关。用上述两方程估算不同芳烃1gSw,估算值与实例值吻合较好,相对误差分别为4.1％和3.7％。用方程（Ⅱ）型估算同一芳烃,标准偏差0.036。误差分析表明由V_g（r）估算Sw方程的相关性不受固定相极性的影响,可方便地选择固定相。     

应用沉积学原理评价太子河支流主要重金属污染及潜在生态危害

本论文根据重金属环境化学行为的特点,应用沉积学原理,对南沙河运粮河、杨柳河主要重金属污染状况进行了研究;并在国内首次采用瑞典国家环境保护局乌普萨拉本质实验室的Lars Hakanson指数法对重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价研究.经过几年的调查研究与测试,发现工业硫酸中含有较多的汞,这是今后研究水体污染必须重视的一个问题.     

大气污染分区与绿化模式的研究

在大气污染物实测和预测分析的基础上,应用聚类分析和综合指数的方法将污染区分为４个类型,绿化植物按照指数大小划分为３类,根据每个类型污染特点选择相应的绿化模式和植物种,研究表明：距污染源下风向３００－４００ｍ是重污染区,单一污染和复合污染在该范围内较严重,绿化模式以乔、灌、草结合的形式对大气污染净化效果较好。     

利用神经网络法对胺类有机物急性毒性的分类及定量预测

运用三层误差反向传播网络对５１种胺类有机物进行了结构－毒性关系的研究,进入的结构参数为分子连接性指数信息理论指及分子量等６种均可通过分子拓扑图直接计算获得的指标。毒性参数选用大鼠经口ＬＤ５０,根据其大小将样本分为３类：高毒,中毒,低毒,在神经网络模型上作出差别归类,并分别对每类进行定量预测。     

基于DEMATEL的区域洪涝灾害恢复力影响因素及评价指标体系研究——以巢湖流域为例

影响洪涝灾害恢复力的因素众多且相互关联,识别和区分这些影响因素,找到因素间互相影响程度和因果关系,对于明确洪涝灾害恢复力关键因素,快速找到需要改善的因素具有重要意义。通过分析灾害恢复力的内涵,从自然维、社会维、经济维、技术维、管理维5个维度构建区域洪涝灾害恢复力的影响因素指标体系,应用DEMATEL方法分析区域洪涝灾害恢复力影响因素之间的关系,并以巢湖流域为例凝练出适合该区域的洪涝灾害恢复力评价指标体系,结果表明,一级指标中自然维、经济维对其他因素影响最为显著,二级指标中政府财政支撑能力、土地因子、地形因子对其他影响因素的影响最大;而一级指标中经济维和社会维与其他因素关系最为密切,二级指标中政府财政支撑能力、区域经济实力、土地因子处于核心的位置。从整体影响输出上看,一级指标中原因因素共有2个,分别为自然维、经济维,且以经济维为最,二级指标中原因因素有11个,涉及五个维度,包括所有自然维中因素,并以地形因子、政府财政支撑能力、灾害政策法规为重。一级指标中结果因素有3个,分别为管理维、技术维、社会维;二级指标中共有12个,以管理维中的因素为主,相比于原因因素,通过改善结果因素可以更直接的提高区域洪涝灾害恢复力的水平。