Climate Change,Marine Environments,and the U.S. Endangered Species Act

Climate change is expected to be a top driver of global biodiversity loss in the 21st century. It poses new challenges to conserving and managing imperiled species, particularly in marine and estuarine ecosystems. The use of climate‐related science in statutorily driven species management, such as under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), is in its early stages. This article provides an overview of ESA processes, with emphasis on the mandate to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to manage listed marine, estuarine, and anadromous species. Although the ESA is specific to the United States, its requirements are broadly relevant to conservation planning. Under the ESA, species, subspecies, and “distinct population segments” may be listed as either endangered or threatened, and taking of most listed species (harassing, harming, pursuing, wounding, killing, or capturing) is prohibited unless specifically authorized via a case‐by‐case permit process. Government agencies, in addition to avoiding take, must ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or conduct are not likely to jeopardize a listed species’ continued existence or adversely affect designated critical habitat. Decisions for which climate change is likely to be a key factor include: determining whether a species should be listed under the ESA, designating critical habitat areas, developing species recovery plans, and predicting whether effects of proposed human activities will be compatible with ESA‐listed species’ survival and recovery. Scientific analyses that underlie these critical conservation decisions include risk assessment, long‐term recovery planning, defining environmental baselines, predicting distribution, and defining appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Although specific guidance is still evolving, it is clear that the unprecedented changes in global ecosystems brought about by climate change necessitate new information and approaches to conservation of imperiled species. El Cambio Climático, los Ecosistemas Marinos y el Acta Estadunidense de Especies en Peligro     

水生生物急性毒性QSAR模型研究进展

化学品污染对人类健康和生态环境造成潜在风险。但是,危害性信息缺失是进行化学品风险评价的主要挑战。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)和美国环保署都提倡用非动物实验替代方法来弥补数据缺失。定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)被认为是一种有应用前景的替代技术。水生生物急性毒性是化学品风险评估和优先污染物筛选中最常用的参数之一。但是,目前可获得的实验毒性数据非常有限。本文总结了近年来发展的急性毒性预测模型,包括:(1)基于同类化合物建模;(2)基于数理统计建模;(3)基于化合物毒性作用模式建模。从模型预测能力、应用域、机理解释等角度对这3类模型进行了比较。其中,基于作用模式构建的模型一般具有较好的预测性能,并有助于机理解释,将是今后水生生物急性毒性预测的发展方向。     

五大连池风景名胜区旅游名镇总体规划环境制约因素及替代方案分析

为配合五大连池风景区申请世界自然遗产地的环境综合整治和生态移民工程,规划在五大连池风景区西南部新建一座旅游名镇,在概要介绍新镇总体规划(2010-2025年)内容和目标基础上,针对规划中环境制约因素及替代方案进行简要分析。     

对“限期治理”的法律探讨

论证限期治理是可诉的具体行政行为，探讨限期治理及其行政处罚的主体适格问题，通过对相关法律规范的剖析和质疑，澄清多种模糊认识，并提出一些建设性意见。     

Voluntary urban climate programmes: should city governments be involved and,if so,how?

It has been proposed that voluntary urban climate programmes overcome shortfalls in mandatory, top-down, state-led government interventions to address climate change risks. Such programmes seek commitments from households and firms to improve their environmental sustainability, but do not have the force of law. City governments are actively developing and implementing such programmes, seeking improved and accelerated urban climate action. There is little evidence, however, of whether their involvement positively affects voluntary programme performance. This article presents qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of 26 voluntary programmes from Australia, the Netherlands and the US, seeking to understand whether, and if so how, city governments affect the performance of voluntary urban climate programmes. The results will help to inform city governments about the roles they may play in urban climate governance.     

“十五”期间黑龙江省辐射环境状况

介绍了"十五"期间我省电离辐射环境质量状况和电磁辐射环境质量状况;核技术应用单位放射环境质量概况、辐射环境监督管理以及辐射环境的基础能力建设状况。     

大连市环境保护“十二五”规划研究

＂十二五＂时期,随着大连全域城市化快速推进,经济社会持续快速发展,资源消耗量、污染产生量迅速增加,给资源环境带来极大的挑战。结合大连市的环境现实,提出在＂十二五＂期间,大连市应坚持绿色、低碳发展理念,以生态市建设和节能减排为重点,健全激励和约束机制,加大环境保护力度,提高生态文明水平,建设环境优美、风光秀丽的生态宜居城市。     

干旱区内陆河流水电规划环境影响评价指标体系及其在方案环境比选中的应用

在总结分析干旱区内陆河流水电规划环境影响特征及环境影响评价工作重点的基础上,建立了干旱区内陆河流水电规划环评指标体系,以新疆盖孜河中游河段水电规划为例,应用指标体系开展不同规划方案的环境比选。实践表明指标体系能够以相对直观、可量化的形式体现各方案的环境影响程度和结果。     

威海市土地利用规划对生态环境的影响

新一轮土地利用总体规划修编（2006年-2020年）要求深入分析资源供给、环境容量等限制因素,研究土地利用方式、空间布局对生态环境的影响,提出环境友好型土地利用模式;研究提出有利于环境保护和生态建设的土地利用调控指标和空间管制措施。本文在分析了威海市土地利用现状特点、生态环境状况的基础上,分析了威海市土地利用环境承载力,探讨土地利用规划对生态环境的影响,对合理调整土地利用结构和布局,科学地安排土地利用规划有着十分重要的意义。     

工业园区循环经济发展规划研究

文章以吉林经济开发区为研究对象,通过分析开发区产业内部及产业间的联系现状,为其制定符合循环经济3R原则的产业发展规划,对规划过程中出现的问题进行了探讨,并提出了应对政策和保障措施,为其他工业园区的循环经济型规划提供参考。