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211.
Hongyuan Wang Xiaolu Jiang Ya He Huashi Guan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(2):194-199
Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen
to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction
fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes,
HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found
that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community
diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four
locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference
than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349). 相似文献
212.
Niu X.Guo S.Zhou J.Huang D.Gao Z.Chi M. 《应用与环境生物学报》2018,(4):758-765
In order to investigate the effect of different slope-protecting vegetation on soil restoration in the highways, we collected soils at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm from areas planted with Amorpha fruticosa, Periploca sepium, and Paederia scandens for 6-7 years in the Daming road section of the Daguang Highway, in October 2016. The physico-chemical properties and microbial community of the soils were then analyzed. The soil microbial community was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The correlation between the microbial community and the physico-chemical properties of the soils was determined by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that (1) the physico-chemical properties were the best for soils with Paederia scandens; the nutrient content, water holding capacity, and porosity of the soils with the three types of slope-protecting vegetation were better in the 0-10 cm layer than in the other layers; (2) the contents of soil aggregates (diameter > 5 mm) were the highest in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers for the soil with Paederia scandens; (3) the dominant bacteria in the 0-10 cm layer and dominant fungi in the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm layers were higher in the soils with Pe. sepium and Pa. scandens than in the soil with A. fruticosa; and (4) results of RDA showed that the physical properties of the soils were the main factors that influenced the soil microbial community. The physical properties of the soils were sensitive to the change of soil quality. Soil quality can be improved by appropriate management measures, such as burying litter, which can subsequently improve the ecological environment of soils in sloping regions. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
213.
Kais Elghniji Sabrine Salem Mongi ben Mosbah Elimame Elaloui Younes Moussaoui 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):869-879
The mineralization and detoxification of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) were studied using a TiO2-paper/sunlight system. The possibility of reusing the photocatalyst was examined to determine the cost effectiveness of the method. Experiments were performed to establish optimum conditions for 4-CP removal. Phytotoxicity of photo-treated and raw 4-CP (100 mg L?1) solutions on seed germination and plant growth were carried out with the aim of water reuse and environment protection. The seeds irrigated with raw 4-CP solution showed lower sprout length while increase in sprout length was observed with the photo-treated solution for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), onion (Allium cepa), and turnip (Brassica rapa). Plant growth tests with the photo-treated 4-CP solution did not affect the leaf numbers compared to those irrigated with tap water. Photo-treated 4-CP solution can be used for irrigation in agriculture. 相似文献
214.
Abstract Bottom surges generated from dredged material discharges in the open ocean have been observed using high frequency acoustic concentration profilers in several field studies during the past five years. the locations, water depths, bottom slopes, oceanographic conditions, and dredged material composition differed from study to study. Observed surges at three dredged material disposal sites may develop more than one surge peak for a single discharge. for water depths of the order of 10 m, surge height of the leading peak was estimated to be about one quarter of the water depth. for water of greater depth, of the order of 100 m, surge height reached 70 m, about 70% of the water depth. Surge height is established instantaneously when dredged material hits the bottom, and remains relatively constant as the surge advances horizontally. Total surge length reached 150 m for water depths of 10 m when measured from the impact point to the leading edge. for water depths of more than 100 m, the surge length reached more than 100 m. Length of the leading surge peak was as large as 45 m at this water depth. Dimensional analysis was applied to relate the surge height of the leading surge peak to discharge parameters and oceanographic conditions. Results showed that the ratio of surge height to water depth was proportional to 1/10 power of the ratio of discharge volume to the third power of water depth. 相似文献
215.
216.
通过对预混乙炔-空气爆燃火焰在平板狭缝中的传播与熄灭过程进行试验研究,分析临界火焰传播速度、狭缝高度和熄灭长度之间的关系。实验结果表明,当狭缝高度一定时,临界火焰传播速度越大,熄灭长度越大,熄灭长度与临界火焰传播速度近似呈正比例关系。在相同的临界火焰传播速度条件下,随着狭缝高度的增加,熄灭长度值迅速增大,说明狭缝高度对预混火焰的传播与熄灭有显著影响。 相似文献
217.
218.
沙质草地植被防风抗蚀生态效应的野外观测研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
采用定位实测法,研究了科尔沁沙地沙质草地植被防风抗蚀的生态效应.结果表明:在春季风沙活动期,退化沙质草地不同恢复阶段的植被盖度存在很大差异,从流动沙地的0.3%增至固定沙地的16%.植被盖度的有序增加导致下垫面空气动力学粗糙度从流动沙地的0.013cm增至固定沙地的0.111cm,摩阻速度从0.272 m·s-1增至0.823 m·s-1,近地表20cm高度平均风速由7.0 m·s-1降至3.8 m·s-1,侵蚀风持续时数由2h降至1h.相应地,0~20cm气流层内的总输沙量由流动沙地的88.8 g·(h·cm2)-1降至固定沙地的1.6 g·(h·cm2)-1.回归分析表明,在退化沙质草地的恢复过程中,植被盖度VC与土壤风蚀率Q间具有良好的指数函数关系:Q=3.93+93.66e-0.60VC(R2=0.893,p<0.0001,n=40). 相似文献
219.
Microbes are vital to the earth because of their enormous numbers and instinct function maintaining the natural balance. Since the microbiology was applied in environmental science and engineering more than a century ago, researchers desire for more and more information concerning the microbial spatio-temporal variations in almost every fields from contaminated soil to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). For the past 30 years, molecular biologic techniques explored for environmental microbial community (EMC) have spanned a broad range of approaches to facilitate the researches with the assistance of computer science: faster, more accurate and more sensitive. In this feature article, we outlined several current and emerging molecular biologic techniques applied in detection of EMC, and presented and assessed in detail the application of three promising tools. 相似文献
220.
不同耕作方式对土壤性质与玉米生长的影响研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
通过种植前对土壤进行不同耕作处理试验,探讨不同耕作方式和耕作深度(30 cm,35 cm,45 cm)对土壤理化性状及玉米(Zea mays L)根系生长的影响。结果表明,三种耕作方式对土壤容重、土壤含水量、土壤微生物总量、玉米根系生长的影响表现为:深松耕作〉传统耕作〉免耕。其中,深松耕作对表层土壤(0~25 cm)容重降低作用大于深层土壤(25~45 cm);对增加土壤含水量、增加土壤微生物总量、促进玉米根系生长方面的作用,深层土壤大于表层土壤;从不同耕作深度进行比较,深松45 cm〉深松35 cm〉深松30 cm〉传统耕作,即耕作越深,对土壤物理性状和作物根系生长影响越大。不同耕作处理间玉米产量无显著性差异。综合研究区的土壤性质、作物生长、自然环境等因素,雨养农区可采用免耕—深松的循环耕作模式,改良土壤性质,提高经济效益。 相似文献