基于马尔萨斯模型对钢铁企业伤害事故与工龄指数之间规律的研究

为了验证在钢铁企业中人的失效过程同服役年限有某种规律性的联系,采用马尔萨斯模型对人的服役年限--工龄与伤害事故频数之间的规律性进行机理推证.在对典型钢铁企业40年间工伤事故数据库中的1 465起伤害事故进行统计分析、建立回归模型后,结论显示伤害事故频数y与受害人员的本工种工龄x存在显著指数相关关系:y=167.13e0.012x、相关系数R=0.93,证实了马尔萨斯模型应用于"工龄-伤害事故频数"指数规律的准确性.改进后的指数规律模型对实际钢铁企业安全管理工作有着重要的研究价值和指导意义,且可以在其他领域中进行探索和推广.     

Queue up, please! Spermathecal filling in the rove beetle Drusilla canaliculata (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

Most studies on insect sperm motility have been conducted in vitro using artificial environments outside the animal’s body. Only little is known about the function of motile insect sperm at different sites within the male or female genital tracts. We dissected genital tracts of female rove beetles (Drusilla canaliculata) to show that spermatozoa use their own motility to migrate from the spermatophore into the spermatheca. Our dissection method allowed direct observation and filming of the spermathecal filling process inside the female’s genital tract. Spermatozoa were found to enter the spermatheca individually, sometimes in groups of two or three. Although exhibiting only weak motility and no progressive motion in buffer solution, the spermatozoa inside the female show vigorous lashing and reach an average velocity of 47.5 μm s⁻¹. To gain mobility and speed, the spermatozoa likely utilize the relatively small diameter of the spermathecal duct to push themselves off the duct walls, rather than swimming freely in seminal fluid. The spermatozoa (approximately 1,250 μm) are considerably longer than the distance they have to travel along the spermathecal duct (approximately 800 μm). Our study provides the first direct observation of active sperm migration within the female of an insect stressing the importance of the genital tract as a prerequisite for functional sperm motility.     

锚固系统与锚固介质材料中应力波波速的关系

应用低应变反射波法对锚杆锚固系统进行无损检测时,常因锚杆底端反射很微弱而影响锚固系统中应力波波速的准确确定,导致锚固质量无法准确判读,为此,采用低应变反射波法测试了不同围岩和锚固介质中的锚固系统应力波波速,并与采用超声波法测试的由锚固介质材料所制作标准试块中的应力波波速进行对比分析。结果表明,这2种波速与锚固介质材料强度密切相关;锚固系统中的应力波波速介于锚固介质材料与自由锚杆中的应力波波速之间,锚固系统中的应力波波速和锚杆介质材料中的应力波波速随龄期和强度均呈指数关系变化且对称分布。     

树脂锚杆锚固长度声波探测技术及数值试验

针对煤岩巷道锚杆支护锚固失效引起的冒顶问题,建立了煤岩巷道顶板锚杆树脂锚固模型,采用数值模拟的方法对不同锚固方式下树脂锚杆的波导特性进行研究,得到了不同锚固长度与树脂锚杆激振响应特性曲线。通过对比分析,研究得出无论何种锚固方式,检测结果与实际锚固长度的误差大约在1%-6%,同时可采用修正补偿的方法降低检测误差。研究结果得出:采用应力反射波法检测树脂锚杆的锚固长度是一种行之有效的无损检测方法,可实现树脂锚杆锚固长度的便携、准确检测提供技术支持。     

远程监控城乡管网饮用水的低量色度

选用480 nm单色光及长光程技术进行吸光光度分析,测定水质色度。通过对比普通分光光度法可知,吸光光度测试的光程长度增加10倍,测试灵敏度显著提高,从而保证低色度饮用水(30度)的测定精准度。监测的色度数据利用GSM无线通信传输系统,可实现对水质色度监测结果的远程实时动态遥传,为预警突发性水污染事故提供数据支撑。     

The evolution of flame length for the oil tank fire with different top cover widths and lip heights

This study presents a quantitative analysis and interpretation of the variation in oil tank fire flame lengths for different oil tank sizes, top cover widths, and horizontal air flow velocities. The experimental results show that, at first, the flame length rises slowly with an increase in air flow speed. Then, once over a critical speed (0.6 m/s), the flame length decreases significantly with a further increase in air flow speed. Based on the characteristic length, a new dimensionless heat release rate is obtained, allowing the correlation between flame length, air flow speed, and dimensionless heat release rate to be calculated, which can be used to predict the flame length of an oil tank fire under different air flow speeds, lip heights, and cover widths.     

扁球壳体的整体无模成形理论与实验

对不同轴比和不同瓣数的不锈钢扁球壳体进行了整体无模胀形成形实验研究及理论探讨。首先介绍了壳体成形的几何调节原理和材料调节原理 ,讨论了扁球壳体的应力分布特点和塑性变形顺序。对实验壳体的尺寸变化、变形过程中的内外表面应变分布、变形前后的壁厚变化规律进行了测试分析 ,探讨了各种壳体的趋球变形过程 ,壳体的长短轴变化趋势及塑性变形规律。实验证明 ,在封闭扁球壳体内塑性趋球规律仍然起作用 ,扁球无模液压整体成形是一项有发展前途的新工艺     

Holographic QSAR of selected esters

The HQSAR (Holographic QSAR) method, which has been recently developed, can offer the ability to rapidly and easily generate QSAR models of high statistical quality and predictive value. HQSAR analysis requires selecting values for parameters that specify the size of the hologram that is to be used, and the size and type of fragment substructures that are to be encoded. The color coding is provided by HQSAR to reflect which molecular fragments may be important contributors to the biological activity. In this work, we studied the quantitative structure activity relationship of selected esters using the HQSAR method. A robust HQSAR model with r² (non-cross-validated regression coefficient) of 0.981 and q² (cross-validated regression coefficient) of 0.912, was developed after optimizing the fragment size and the hologram length. The color coding analysis, which has rarely been reported before, was done here to explain the outlier successfully.     

On the estimation of overwater buoyancy length from routine measurements

The stability parameter (z/L, where z is the height and L the buoyancy length) is an essential parameter in atmospheric boundary layer studies. From routine measurements, the bulk Richardson number (R_b) is usually computed. On the basis of appropriate field measurements at sea, it is shown that z/L = A R_b where A = 10.2 (with R ² = 0.97) for unstable and 6.3 (with R ² = 0.97) for stable conditions, respectively. It is also demonstrated that the proposed simplified equations are in excellent agreement with those more complicated formulations.     

倾斜工作面底板破坏深度计算方法研究

煤层倾角是影响底板破坏带深度的一个重要因素,为深入研究煤层倾角对底板破坏带深度的影响,采用断裂力学理论建立了煤层倾角对底板破坏带深度影响的计算模型,得出由于煤层倾角的存在,倾斜工作面上部破坏带深度小于下部破坏带深度。收集我国大量的突水案例与煤层倾角统计数据,以及破坏带深度与煤层倾角统计数据,从突水案例数据可以看出倾斜工作面下部由于底板破坏造成的突水次数明显多于上部,从破坏带深度与煤层倾角变化趋势可以看出随着倾角增大破坏带深度也在增大。统计得到数据的结论与应用断裂力学模型分析得到的结论一致。最后对建立的破坏带深度计算模型井下质量检验,检验结果显示该计算模型的精度较高,符合现场应用的要求。