湿法脱硫系统优化分析

分析了运用烟塔合一等技术对现有湿法脱硫系统简化的可行性.在湿法脱硫系统中,利用冷却塔排烟气代替烟囱排烟,取消烟囱和GGH换热器,将增压风机和引风机合二为一,可提高能源的利用效率,减少设备的投资,降低系统运行及维护费用.     

基于船舶操纵模拟的船撞桥概率研究

针对船舶在桥区水域航行过程中撞击桥墩的碰撞概率问题,建立并验证了船舶操纵数学模型,模拟了船舶在不同风、水流等条件下的航行情况,改进了AASHTO船舶撞桥概率模型中几何概率的算法,提出了以模拟试验样本的航迹带中心位置坐标为均值,以模拟实验样本结果计算的方差为方差的几何概率模型,同时引入停船概率模型。将改进后的模型应用于北江油金大桥船舶操纵模拟及船撞概率的研究,预测2020年北江油金大桥受上行船舶碰撞年频率大约2.81×10-6次/a,受下行船舶碰撞年频率3.43×10-4次/a,总碰撞频率3.461×10-4次/a。     

Fe2+EDTA溶液络合-铁还原脱除烟气中NO

提出了“Fe2 螯合剂络合-铁粉还原-酸吸收”回收法脱除烟气中NO的新工艺,重点研究了模拟烟气中O2体积分数对NO络合量的影响,以及铁粉用量、铁粉粒径、搅拌速度对NO脱除效率的影响,确定了最佳的铁粉脱氮工艺条件,并对铁粉和铁屑的脱氮效果进行了比较。结果表明,烟气中O2的体积分数从0%增加到4.2%,NO络合量下降90.2%;NO脱除效率随铁粉用量和反应器搅拌速度的增加而增加,随铁粉粒径的增加而降低;过程的最佳工艺参数为,铁粉用量0.8g,铁粉粒径≤0.077mm,搅拌速度900r·min-1,在此条件下,对O2体积分数为5%的模拟烟气在搅拌反应器中可取得90%以上的NO脱除效率;用铁粉在1台搅拌反应器中取得的NO脱除效率和用铁屑在2个鼓泡反应器串联时所取得的效率相当。     

苏通大桥结构健康状态评估技术研究与应用(3):主梁损伤定位

为提高基于模态参数的损伤识别方法的损伤敏感性和噪声鲁棒性,将多源数据融合技术引入到苏通大桥主梁损伤定位方法中。基于D-S证据理论对模态柔度和模态应变能指标进行数据融合,并以苏通大桥扁平钢箱梁为分析对象,对融合后损伤定位指标的应用效果进行了讨论。结果表明:基于数据融合的损伤定位方法具有较强的损伤敏感性,只需要较少的低阶模态信息就能识别主梁的早期损伤;数据融合后,损伤定位指标可以在较强的噪声环境下准确地识别斜拉桥钢箱梁的损伤,具有较好的工程实用性。     

多点激励下连续桥梁地震响应特性研究

地震动在强度和频率等方面均具有非平稳特性,导致多跨桥梁的动力响应非常复杂.为了研究多跨连续桥梁在多点地震动激励下的反应,首先提出了评价多点地震动非平稳性的3个指标:幅值绝对值的标准差、方向离散度和穿零率.根据桥梁多点激励运动方程的特点,阐述了广义振型参与系数矩阵的意义,及其与传统振型参与系数矩阵的联系和区别.根据多点地...     

金属氢氧化物包被砂过滤柱吸附与去除水体中的微生物

以氢氧化铁与氢氧化铝原位沉积包被砂作介质的过滤柱 ,用于去除脱氯自来水中人为污染的高浓度脊髓灰质炎病毒PV1、脆弱拟杆菌噬菌体B .fp和大肠杆菌E .coli.结果显示 ,包被修饰砂颗粒表面Zeta电动势由原来的 - 4 2 .8mV上升到 5 4 .7mV ,并因此提高了对微生物的吸附去除能力 .修饰砂过滤柱经 12 .5d连续过滤 30 0L水样后 ,仍可使进水微生物浓度分别高达n(cfu) /mL-1=5 .2× 10 6、2 .4× 10 5、2 .3× 10 5的E .coli、B .fp和PV1去除 92 %、97.2 %和 99.6 % .而未修饰砂柱 ,在相同条件下仅分别去除 5 3%、5 9%和 70 .6 % .修饰砂柱可在较大pH变化下稳定高效地去除微生物且在中性条件下效果最佳 ,这与未修饰砂柱明显不同 .扫描电镜显示 ,两种砂具有明显不同的表面结构 .修饰砂柱流出液中检测不到用于包被的铁、铝金属 ,说明氢氧化铁、氢氧化铝修饰物同砂结合牢固并因此提高了砂过滤柱的使用寿命 .修饰砂过滤介质可为饮用水处理提供更为安全可靠的去除病原微生物方法 .图 4表 4参 19     

Interactions between water and land in The Netherlands

The Netherlands are one of the most densely populated coastal countries in the world and there is only limited space for living, working, transport and recreation, while there is also the need to preserve and expand valuable natural habitats. In order to solve many existing and future conflicts of interest, and in order to create ‘added value’, strategies are developed to optimize the use of water-land systems. The principle of ‘building with nature’ is applied in order to integrate land in sea and water in land in such a way that future generations will be able to use coastal resources in a sustainable way, including a minimal effort to maintain the coastline and the promotion of a multiple-use system. The concept of Integrated multifunctional sustainable coastal zone development is introduced. This concept deals with a balanced approach to the lack of space for present and future coastal uses in relation to each other, to the hinterland, and to the sea. Flexible master plans are developed, taking into account many functions of the coastal zone, and facilitating adaptation to future developments—e.g. impacts of climate change and relative sea level rise. In this regard increasing the flexibility of the coastal zone is of vital importance. Large-scale coastal land reclamations in The Netherlands are dealt with, based on two different principles: (1) polder systems (low lying land reclamations surrounded and protected by dikes), (2) systems of ‘building with nature’—land reclamation protected by man-made foreshores, beaches and dunes. In the latter type new flexible dynamic-equilibrium coasts are created for many functions, while coastal vulnerability is reduced and a flexible coast is developed.     

微波高压络合消解石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境空气中锑

用有机滤膜采集空气中颗粒物样品,用微波高压络合消解后制成样品溶液。用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法可确定样品溶液中锑的浓度。该方法具有对有机滤膜和样品消解完全,省时,无损失,灵敏度高,准确度、精密度好等特点。     

Compliance and Emissions Trading under the Kyoto Protocol: Rules for Uncertain Inventories

A solution is proposed for proving compliance with emission targets and for emissions trading in the event of uncertainties in reported emission inventories. The solution is based on the undershooting concept, from which the mathematical conditions for both proving compliance with a risk α and calculating effective emissions for trading are derived. Based on the reported emission units, the number of permits granted is reduced in proportion to the uncertainty in the inventory. A country whose inventory has higher uncertainty is thereby allotted fewer permits than a country with the same inventory but smaller uncertainty.     

考虑非饱和特性的黄土湿陷性与微观结构分析

利用扫描电子显微镜测试技术对3个场地16个土样的微观结构进行观测,并使用图像处理软件对微观图像进行处理、对土样孔隙的几何特征参数和分维数进行了提取,土样孔隙分布分维数为1.816~1.936。利用分形几何学原理建立非饱和土的孔隙分布函数,对天然湿度下黄土中水分分布进行分析,运用回归分析的方法对孔隙的分维数、非饱和孔隙孔隙率和湿陷性的关系进行了分析。结果表明:孔隙分维数越大,孔隙结构越复杂;天然湿度下处于非饱和状态的黄土孔隙孔径均大于40μm,黄土的湿陷系数随着孔隙分维数、非饱和孔隙孔隙率的增大而增大,非饱和孔隙是造成黄土湿陷的主要原因。