造纸黑液的超声/絮凝联合处理研究

以苇浆黑液为处理样品 ,利用超声与PFS/H2 O2 的协同预处理研究 ,结果表明 :它们的联合处理比单独用PFS/H2 O2 处理 ,CODcr的去除率提高 1 1 .39%～ 1 3 .31 % ;与同等条件处理结果相比 ,利用超声可节约PFS1 4 % ,H2 O2 50 %～ 80 % ;同时也表明 ,处理效果与探头的辐射面积关系不大 ,即使增加电功率 ,效果也不明显 ,由此可推断这与黑液成份复杂有关。     

铜陵市大气环境系统模拟与综合管控研究

为落实铜陵市环境总体规划中大气环境规划,首先,利用A值法计算铜陵市大气环境容量,得出各区域大气环境承载率;之后,采用CALPUFF模型对铜陵市气象、土地利用以及地形要素进行综合处理;最后,根据模型输出对受体点和市域面积结果并结合ARCGIS得出不同影响性划分结果,以划定铜陵市总体规划中大气红线,并对后续规划提出针对性建议。从铜陵市污染源影响区、污染物影响区以及受体影响区地理坐标及面积占比评价结果来看,以污染物年均浓度为基准,红线部分面积为234.07km~2,占比为19.49%。     

城市震害预测基础资料调查方法的研究

作者通过概括分析我国近几年来城市震害预测项目基础资料调查工作的开展情况，结合自身近几年参加广州等城市的震害预测调查工作实际，通过深入分析，提出了开展包括建（构）筑物和生命线工程在内的基础资料调查工作思路和系统性较强的实施方法，在一定程度上可以有效提高调查资料的准确性和数据的严谨性。     

华西雨屏区不同密度巨桉人工林土壤呼吸特征

从2008-03至2009-02,采用闭合动态法(LI-6400-09)对华西雨屏区不同密度中龄巨桉人工林土壤呼吸进行了研究。结果表明:①该林分土壤呼吸具有明显的季节动态,各密度林分土壤呼吸速率最高值均出现在7月份,最低出现在1月,且密度为883株·hm^-2(1.5 m×8 m)的巨桉林土壤呼吸速率最大,2 222株·hm^-2(1.5 m×3 m)的最小;②2008年4、7、10月土壤呼吸速率24 h平均值均表现为883株·hm^-2> 1 333株·hm^-2> 2 222株·hm^-2,且7月>4月>10月;③土壤微生物生物量碳氮、土壤有机质含量和10 cm根系生物量都表现出相同的趋势,即林分密度越小,土壤微生物生物量碳氮越高,草本植物越多,根系生物量越大,有机质含量越多;④温度是巨桉林土壤呼吸变异的主导因子,土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度和湿度的双因素模型优于单因素模型,两者共同解释了土壤呼吸速率月动态的78.3%~91.5%;⑤各密度林分土壤呼吸Q₁₀值随巨桉林分密度增大而降低,大小顺序为3.65(883株·hm^-2)>2.60(1 333株·hm^-2)>2.55(2 222株·hm^-2)。     

南宁市老城区降雨径流溯源及污染特征分析

降雨径流是城市河道污染的重要来源之一.为了解降雨径流的污染特征,对南宁市老城区进行降雨径流同步采样监测,分析不同降雨条件下不同下垫面污染状况、初期冲刷效应及污染贡献比等特征,探讨了径流污染初期冲刷计算方法及影响因素分析,并根据老城区菜市场下垫面讨论降雨径流下垫面选取标准与必要性.结果表明,南宁市老城区径流污染中,道路及...     

Quantifying the squeezing or stretching of fisheries as they adapt to displacement by marine reserves

The designation of no‐take marine reserves involves social and economic concerns due to the resulting displacement of fishing effort, when fishing rights are removed from those who traditionally fished within an area. Displacement can influence the functioning of the fishery and success of the reserve, yet levels of displacement are seldom quantified after reserve implementation and very rarely before that. We devised a simple analytical framework based on set theory to facilitate reserve placement. Implementation of the framework requires maps of fishing grounds, fishing effort, or catch per unit effort for at least 2 years. The framework quantifies the level of conflict that a reserve designation might cause in the fishing sector due to displacement and the opportunities to offset the conflict through fisher spatial mobility (i.e., ability of fishers to fish elsewhere). We also considered how the outputs of the framework can be used to identify targeted management interventions for each fishery. We applied the method in Honduras, where the largest marine protected area in Central America is being placed, for which spatial data on fishing effort were available for 6 fisheries over 3 years. The proposed closure had a greater negative impact on the shrimp and lobster scuba fisheries, which concentrated respectively 28% and 18% of their effort inside the reserve. These fisheries could not accommodate the displacement within existing fishing grounds. Both would be forced to stretch into new fishing grounds, which are available but are of unknown quality. These stakeholders will likely require compensation to offset costly exploratory fishing or to travel to fishing grounds farther away from port.     

Quantifying population declines based on presence‐only records for red‐list assessments

Accurate trend estimates are necessary for understanding which species are declining and which are most in need of conservation action. Imperfect species detection may result in unreliable trend estimates because this may lead to the overestimation of declines. Because many management decisions are based on population trend estimates, such biases could have severe consequences for conservation policy. We used an occupancy‐modeling framework to estimate detectability and calculate nationwide population trends for 14 Swiss amphibian species both accounting for and ignoring imperfect detection. Through the application of International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List criteria to the different trend estimates, we assessed whether ignoring imperfect detection could affect conservation policy. Imperfect detection occurred for all species and detection varied substantially among species, which led to the overestimation of population declines when detectability was ignored. Consequently, accounting for imperfect detection lowered the red‐list risk category for 5 of the 14 species assessed. We demonstrate that failing to consider species detectability can have serious consequences for species management and that occupancy modeling provides a flexible framework to account for observation bias and improve assessments of conservation status. A problem inherent to most historical records is that they contain presence‐only data from which only relative declines can be estimated. A move toward the routine recording of nonobservation and absence data is essential if conservation practitioners are to move beyond this toward accurate population trend estimation.     

中国煤炭资源不同区带的生态环境特征

中国煤炭的“井”字型分布格局除了是对煤炭资源地质的、地理的、社会经济的区域分异现象,同时也基本是对不同煤炭资源发展区的生态环境特征进行区域上的归结。论文总结了不同煤炭资源发展区的生态环境特征和存在的主要生态环境问题。     

CEMS比对监测数据偏差研究

简述CEMS比对监测技术背景,总结实际监测工作中导致数据偏差的各方面因素,分析问题产生原因并提出解决措施和建议。     

基于遥感监测的黄海绿潮漂移路径及分布面积特征分析

本文利用2008～2012年的多源卫星遥感序列图像,动态监测各年绿潮发生的漂移路径、影响海域面积,得到各年绿潮漂移趋势、分布面积和最大分布面积出现时间。根据监测结果,划分出影响绿潮漂移路径的关键区域,并分析了2008、2009和2010年关键区域内各年绿潮漂移方向和面积变化情况。