全文获取类型
收费全文 | 263篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 26篇 |
废物处理 | 7篇 |
环保管理 | 83篇 |
综合类 | 109篇 |
基础理论 | 37篇 |
污染及防治 | 7篇 |
评价与监测 | 8篇 |
社会与环境 | 24篇 |
灾害及防治 | 7篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 17篇 |
2011年 | 17篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有308条查询结果,搜索用时 275 毫秒
191.
MD.?Abdus?Salam Toshikuni?NoguchiEmail author 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2005,7(2):209-227
Sustainability in forestry is a complex amalgam of trade-offs among its various dimensions and there is no easy route to achieve sustainable development. It is important that policy process and implementation strategy of these policies should be based on sound information about these trade-offs. There is a growing consensus amongst key forest decision-makers in Bangladesh that traditional forestry is needed to make the transition to more sustainable forestry, which is likely to involve local people in forest management. As a result, the government has initiated a social forestry program from 1981 with the assistance of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) loan and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) grant and operated mainly in Sal forest areas. The most important objective of this program is to protect, manage, and develop forests in a sustainable way by involving local communities. Although several studies have focused on the management issues of social forestry, none of these studies has evaluated the indicators of sustainable social forestry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the criteria of sustainable development of social forestry in Bangladesh. The study is based on primary cross-sectional data collected using the multistage stratified sampling technique. In total, 581 social forestry farmers were selected randomly and interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The study evaluated some important components of sustainable development and identified the following conditions of social forestry in Bangladesh:(i) almost all the components of sustainable development of social forestry, although not at the aspiration level, were at good condition;(ii) participants were interested and committed to work with Forest Department in developing social forestry;(iii) they had been utilizing both hard and soft technology in practicing social forestry, although there exists ample scope of development;(iv) income of participants after involving in social forestry had increased, although not at satisfactory level; and(v) process of producing social and material goods had been under progress.However, there exist plenty of scopes for sustainable social forestry development through improving the sustainable development components more carefully.Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
192.
孔祥谦 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2007,17(2):66-68
昌黎黄金海岸自然保护区的建立给当地及相邻地区带来多种效益,其中有保护生物多样性、维护海岸稳定、完善防护林等作用的生态效益;促进当地经济发展的社会效益及以生态旅游和水产养殖为主的经济效益。与此同时,也带来一些问题,如海洋执法问题。对此,保护区要建立海监机构,并与科学管理处合作,加强执法以保护生态环境。 相似文献
193.
The flood defence agency in England and Wales has been pursuing a programme of flood warning system enhancement, engaging householders at risk in improving their warning responses. The immediate aim of this paper is to test and revise a model of economic benefits of warnings, but the survey data also generate insights into the constraints acting upon flood warning responses. Damage saving is less than previously anticipated: warning reliability and householder availability problems limit savings. Warnings are less likely to be received by those in lower social grades, and flood warning lead time is a factor in avoiding damage. The survey data indicate the complexities involved in improving flood warning response, and provide policy pointers. 相似文献
194.
Eric Thunberg Leonard Shabman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(4):657-665
ABSTRACT: Estimated benefits of flood control projects are typically limited to avoided property damages. However, the possibility that there are (1) benefits from reduced psychological stress among flood plain occupants, and (2) benefits to the community has long been recognized. A survey of landowners residing in a flood plain in Roanoke, Virginia, found that nonproperty considerations did help explain their expressed willingness to pay for flood control. Of particular importance was the respondents' concern for disruption of the community caused by possible flooding. 相似文献
195.
Mountain biking is an increasingly popular leisure pursuit. Consequences are trail degradation and conflicts with hikers and other users. Resource managers often attempt to resolve these problems by closing trails to mountain biking. In order to estimate the impact of these developments, a model has been devised that predicts the effects of changes in trail characteristics and introduction of access fees, and correlates these with biker preference on trail selection. It estimates each individual's per-ride consumer's surplus associated with implementing different policies. The surplus varies significantly as a function of each individual's gender, budget, and interest in mountain biking. Estimation uses stated preference data, specifically choice experiments. Hypothetical mountain bike trails were created and each surveyed biker was asked to make five pair-wise choices. A benefit-transfer simulation is used to show how the model and parameter estimates can be transferred to estimate the benefits and costs to mountain bikers in a specific area. 相似文献
196.
197.
Robert R. Schneider 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(2):322-336
ABSTRACT: Determination of an optimal nonpoint pollution control strategy demands information relating to (1) costs of pollutant reduction, (2) transport of pollutants, (3) water quality impact of pollutants, and (4) the economic impact of water quality changes. This paper briefly reviews the literature in each of these areas and suggests an analytical framework useful in the development of an optimal nonpoint pollutant control strategy. 相似文献
198.
Claudia Gutirrez Huete 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(1):121-126
ABSTRACT: The water resources of Nicaragua are largely undeveloped and distributed unequally throughout the nation. In addition, there is a significant geographical imbalance between the abundant water supply in the Atlantic Basin and the less abundant supply in the Pacific Basin which accounts for most of the water demand. The Lakes Basin, comprising Lakes Managua and Nicaragua, could be manipulated to solve the imbalance. Specifically, this paper presents a scheme to transfer water from Lake Nicaragua to Lake Managua and, subsequently, direct water from each lake for irrigation and hydroelectric generation. The scheme has been designed to maximize economic benefits and requires environmental impact analysis. 相似文献
199.
Marshall Gys 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(3):521-528
ABSTRACT The long-term effects of presently used and alternatively proposed water pricing policies were studied using some tools of operations research and economics. A discrete deterministic dynamic programming model was structured and operated to determine the optimal water supply capacity expansion paths for a hypothetical residential community with a given water pricing policy. The objective of the model was the maximization of future discounted consumers'surpluses plus producer's revenues net of the long-run cost of supply. State variables were the size of system capacity in MGD and stage variables were the times of feasible capacity increase in years. Demand curves, population sizes, and growth rates for various economic sectors of the community were assumed known, as well as short-run production and capital construction costs. Several policies, including constant unit rates, decreasing or increasing block rates and summer differential rates were tested. It was concluded that price plays a major role in the short-run allocation and long-run planning and conservation of water supplies. Conservational pricing policies were advocated as means of lowering the long-run cost of water, using the water price-demand function as a planning tool. Further research in these areas was recommended. 相似文献
200.
ABSTRACT India's multidimensional water development programs have contributed significantly to the promotion of the country's economic growth. Rapid growth of irrigation has substantially increased agricultural production. Hydro power generation has doubled during the last two decades, and this has accelerated industrialization and extended rural electrification. Minor irrigation has taken on a new importance in the Fourth Five Year Plan, signifying a departure from the earlier Plans. “Green Revolution” owes a large measure of its success to the availability of assured water supplies. Water development projects have also generated tremendous employment opportunities. Despite its pronounced impact on the economy, India's water planning strategy has some glaring weaknesses: the failure to incorporate “indirect benefits” in cost-benefit calculations; the under-utilization of water potential; and, the progressive increase in the cost of irrigating an acre of land. The prevailing institutional structure in India constitutes a major deterrent to the diffusion of the benefits of water development. There are stubborn psychological factors which render the adoption of innovative irrigation practices difficult. There is thus an overwhelming need to revamp India's institutional framework. On balance, however, water development in India has made its impact felt on India's myriads of villages. And from the arid “dust bowls” of India new life has emerged. 相似文献