电站运营对北溪下游水质影响探讨及改进建议

文章通过对利水电站坝上、坝下布设监测断面,进行为期近一个月的枯水期水质监测,分析上下游水质的变化以期对梯级电站的建设与运营对北溪下游水质的影响进行研究,认为梯级电站的建设运行,形成梯级水库,流速变缓,大气覆氧能力降低,水中溶解氧下降,导致水体自净能力减弱,使水环境容量降低,对污染物的稀释、混合和降解能力减弱,湖库富营养化是水库的主要生态环境问题。为此,提出污染防治对策,并提出当上游污染水团下泄时,作为补救和改善水质时电站应采取的运行方式,为今后河流的突发污染防治、水质保护与改善提供经验借鉴。     

模型模拟在城市SO2环境容量测算中的应用研究

以许昌市污染源普查数据为基础,通过现状排放、环境质量控制目标与预测环境质量、污染物削减和浓度贡献分析,核定得到了准确可靠的许昌市二氧化硫环境容量;研究建立的从宏观理想容量到实际容量的多源模型体系,能较好地应用于二氧化硫环境容量研究;A—P值法、AERMOD模型均能较好地模拟污染源与环境空气质量的响应关系,且二者具有较好的一致性,可作为可靠的多源模型广泛应用于中小城市的二氧化硫环境容量核定研究及环境规划管理。     

能源承载力预测分析方法的研究与应用研究

能源需求和人口、经济密切相关。能源需求分析是在一定的人口和经济增长假设下进行的。从投入产出角度看,能源需求的高低取决于终端需求与满足终端需求的中间过程。经济结构的变化,经济增长模式的选择,技术进步,优质能源的可获得性,环境保护要求等因素会对终端需求和中间过程产生影响。由于资源对国家和地区的重要性,资源承载力的研究显得尤为重要。因此有必要对一个区域的能源需求量作出预测和分析,提高区域发展和管理的科学性,从而实现区域的可持续发展。     

昆明市环境应急监测能力建设现状及对策建议

结合昆明市环境应急监测能力建设的现状,着重分析存在的主要问题,提出了相应的对策建议。     

军用电子设备的防雷措施研究

近年来,随着微电子技术和计算机网络在军用装备上的日益普及,雷电带来的危害和经济损失大大增加,仅依靠避雷针防雷己远远达不到电子、微电子、通信等设备的实际防雷需求。分析了雷电灾害对电子设备的危害,并针对目前军用电子设备的防雷现状提出了综合防雷措施。     

浅析绿色建筑体系与低碳经济

通过查阅国内外相关资料,对绿色建筑体系从历史、定义及现状方面进行了简单论述,并结合日益受到重视的低碳经济,从经济与环保角度,对绿色建筑体系的标准、建材、设计等方面进行分析,阐明作为低碳经济发展重要组成部分的绿色建筑体系,将如何促进低碳经济的实现,使低碳经济这一概念更好地运用于现实,并对绿色建筑体系的发展进行了展望。     

辽河保护区治理与保护能力建设研究

辽河保护区治理与保护能力的建设,通过界碑、围栏、标示牌、宣传牌等设施建设,重点区域的水质、生态监测站点建设,保护区综合管理平台建设,应急保障体系建设,形成保护区完善的综合监控网络体系,全面提高保护区基础设施与监控能力。同时,应使全民参与对＂母亲河＂的保护。     

Assessing field vulnerability to phosphorus loss in Beijing agricultural area using Revised Field Phosphorus Ranking Scheme

Guanting Reservoir,one of the drinking water supply sources of Beijing,suffers from water eutrophication.It is mainly supplied by Guishui River.Thus,to investigate the reasons of phosphorus(P)loss and improve the P management strategies in Guishui River watershed are important for the safety of drinking water in this region.In this study,a Revised Field P Ranking Scheme(PRS)was developed to reflect the field vulnerability of P loss at the field scale based on the Field PRS.In this new scheme,six factors are included, and each one was assigned a relative weight and a determination method.The affecting factors were classified into transport factors and source factors,and,the standards of environmental quality on surface water and soil erosion classification and degradation of the China were used in this scheme.By the new scheme,thirty-four fields in the Guishui River were categorized as"low","medium"or"high"potential for P loss into the runoff.The results showed that the P loss risks of orchard and vegetable fields were higher than that of corn and soybean fields.The source factors were the main factors to affect P loss from the study area.In the study area,controlling P input and improving P usage efficiency are critical to decrease P loss.Based on the results,it was suggested that more attention should be paid on the fields of vegetable and orchard since they have extremely high usage rate of P and high soil test of E Compared with P surplus by field measurements,the Revised Field PRS was more suitable for reflecting the characteristics of fields,and had higher potential capacity to identify critical source areas of P loss than PRS.     

Integrated strategies to reduce vulnerability and advance adaptation,mitigation, and sustainable development

Determinants of adaptive and mitigative capacities (e.g., availability of technological options, and access to economic resources, social capital and human capital) largely overlap. Several factors underlying or related to these determinants are themselves indicators of sustainable development (e.g., per capita income; and various public health, education and research indices). Moreover, climate change could exacerbate existing climate-sensitive hurdles to sustainable development (e.g., hunger, malaria, water shortage, coastal flooding and threats to biodiversity) faced specifically by many developing countries. Based on these commonalities, the paper identifies integrated approaches to formulating strategies and measures to concurrently advance adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development. These approaches range from broadly moving sustainable development forward (by developing and/or nurturing institutions, policies and infrastructure to stimulate economic development, technological change, human and social capital, and reducing specific barriers to sustainable development) to reducing vulnerabilities to urgent climate-sensitive risks that hinder sustainable development and would worsen with climate change. The resulting sustainable economic development would also help reduce birth rates, which could mitigate climate change and reduce the population exposed to climate change and climate-sensitive risks, thereby reducing impacts, and the demand for adaptation. The paper also offers a portfolio of pro-active strategies and measures consistent with the above approaches, including example measures that would simultaneously reduce pressures on biodiversity, hunger, and carbon sinks. Finally it addresses some common misconceptions that could hamper fuller integration of adaptation and mitigation, including the notions that adaptation may be unsuitable for natural systems, and mitigation should necessarily have primacy over adaptation.

中国区域可持续发展综合优势能力空间关联分析

采用空间统计方法研究了中国31个省、市、自治区的可持续发展综合优势能力的空间关联关系,结果显示中国可持续发展的总资产能力、总负债能力和综合优势能力均存在较强的空间依赖性。综合优势能力Z值与总资产Z值存在显著正相关（R=0.944）,而与总负债Z值存在显著的负相关（R=-0.952）。利用综合优势能力空间关联Z值对中国可持续发展能力进行初步的分区,并采用古典聚类（K means）方法对中国可持续发展能力进行同质性研究,利用K聚类结果对空间聚类（G统计）结果进行修正,将中国可持续发展能力划分为3种区域类型：中国东部沿海强发展区域、中国中部中等发展区域和中国西部弱发展区域。分区结果与中国传统的东部、中部、西部区域划分基本对应,东部沿海省市除海南和广西处于中等发展类型外,其他省市均处在强发展类型之列,中国中部全部省市均处于中等发展类型而中国西部全部省市均处于弱发展类型。