基于Stackelberg博弈的循环经济闭环产业链研究

为揭示循环经济产业链的内在发展机制,本文基于循环经济产业链的特征建立了闭环产业链模型,利用企业间的Stackelberg博弈分析了消费者、企业和政府间的利益关联以及三大主体最优决策对闭环产业链的影响方式.研究结论表明,消费者的环境偏好越低,政府的环境税标准越低,且环境税的制定空间越小,企业收益越难实现从传统产业链到循环产业链的转移,消费者以新产品的消费弥补环境效用的损失;在政府的全局最优税收情况下,传统产业链的企业在横向企业竞争中仍具有先动优势,并不随环境税增加而改变;政府经济最优废弃物循环率能够保证循环产业链的回收资源供给,但只是在消费者容忍的范围内实现了消费者效用最大化和生产总收益最大化.经济的可持续发展要求废弃物循环率达到生态最优,这需要政府舍弃部分经济利益,实施更严厉的环境税政策约束传统产业链的发展规模,同时结合参与性政策提高公众的环境偏好,以保证循环经济闭环产业链的顺利运行.     

一株石油烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及对石油烃模式物的降解特性研究

从胶洲湾P3-1站位采集的石油污染海洋底泥中筛选得到一株能以原油为唯一碳源生长良好的石油烃降解菌株JZ3-21。经过形态、生理生化特征试验和16S rDNA序列分析结果,鉴定JZ3-21为恶臭假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas puti-da）;实验研究了该菌株对5种石油烃模式物（正十六烷、甲苯、萘、芘和邻苯二酚）的降...     

新疆油田含油污泥特性研究

含油污泥是油田企业生产过程中的主要污染源之一,文章对原油处理系统及采出水处理系统的含油污泥进行了理化性质及成分的分析检测,结果表明:油田污泥中植物营养成分含量较低;重金属含量较低,低于GB4284-84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》。通过对其特性的系统分析,发现油田污泥的一些共性,为其"减量化、资源化、无害化"提供了基础资料。     

哈密市大气环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

以哈密市1988—2006年经济增长（GDP）和大气环境质量数据为研究对象,分析各类典型大气污染指标与人均GDP之间的关系,建立哈密市大气环境污染物排放浓度与人均GDP增长之间的回归模型,结果表明：哈密市SO2、NO2、TSP排放浓度与人均GDP增长之间基本符合标准的倒“U”型的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征。     

西石门后井尾矿库堆坝材料物理力学特性试验研究

经调查统计,我国尾矿库存在数量多、规模小、安全度水平低及较多中小尾矿库未经过正规设计等特点,并且绝大多数尾矿库下游为生活区、工矿企业或重要城镇等,因此加强尾矿库安全管理,准确把握尾矿坝堆坝材料物理力学特性,对于减少和防止尾矿库溃坝事故的发生,确保尾矿库的安全运行,使之更好地为矿山安全生产服务,为国民经济健康持续快速发展服务等方面都具有重要意义。本文在总结有关尾矿库稳定性分析方法的基础上,以西石门后井尾矿库为研究对象,利用渗透实验、压缩实验、三轴试验开展了堆坝材料物理力学特性试验研究,整理并得到了用于描述堆坝材料物理力学特性的试验数据和实验曲线,系统分析了堆坝材料的变形规律,为系统分析堆坝材料物理力学特性及开展坝体稳定分析提供依据。     

湿法脱硫喷淋塔单层喷淋雾化性能试验

在建立的试验台上,以压力作为间接指标,采用旋流喷嘴和螺旋喷嘴.对喷淋塔单层喷淋工况下的雾化性能进行了试验.试验表明,塔断面压力、断面上雾化粒径及雾滴在喷淋段分散不均匀,对气流分布的作用不明显;随循环液流量或气体流量增大,断面平均静压、全压减小,喷淋段阻力增大,雾化粒径减小;喷嘴形式对喷淋塔的雾化系统影响较大.相比较而言,螺旋喷嘴单层布置喷淋段雾化较均匀.利于均匀分布气流.     

Radiological risk assessment and biosphere modelling for radioactive waste disposal in Switzerland

Long-term safety assessments for geological disposal of radioactive waste in Switzerland involve the demonstration that the annual radiation dose to humans due to the potential release of radionuclides from the waste repository into the biosphere will not exceed the regulatory limit of 0.1 mSv. Here, we describe the simple but robust approach used by Nagra (Swiss National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste) to quantify the dose to humans as a result to time-dependent release of radionuclides from the geosphere into the biosphere. The model calculates the concentrations of radionuclides in different terrestrial and aquatic compartments of the surface environment. The fluxes of water and solids within the environment are the drivers for the exchange of radionuclides between these compartments. The calculated radionuclide concentrations in the biosphere are then used to estimate the radiation doses to humans due to various exposure paths (e.g. ingestion of radionuclides via drinking water and food, inhalation of radionuclides, external irradiation from radionuclides in soils). In this paper we also discuss recent new achievements and planned future work.     

活性污泥总DNA提取方法的比较

从处理某制药废水的MBR反应器中采集活性污泥,评价不同DNA提取方法对其总DNA提取效率的影响。DNA提取分细胞裂解和DNA纯化2步,对细胞裂解比较了珠磨匀浆法、反复冻融法、十二烷基磺酸钠（sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS）裂解法等7种方法;对DNA纯化比较了酚/氯仿纯化法和胶回收纯化法。结果表明,SDS裂解法、酚氯仿纯化法最优。通过条件优化实验,确定SDS裂解酚/氯仿纯化法在污泥量1.1 g,10 000 r/min离心5 min的操作条件下,获得的DNA产量（10 774 μg/g泥重）和纯度（OD₂₆₀∶OD₂₈₀=1.84）等综合指标最好。     

Vulnerability Assessment of Snow Disaster Based on Traffic System： A Case Study of Chenzhou City in Hunan Province, China

The article establishes the patterns of urban snow disaster system and disaster chain based on the theory of regional disaster system. The patterns indicate that urban snow disaster is exacerbated mainly through the traffic system. In addition, the paper sets up the vulnerability assessment index system and synthetically vulnerability assessment model of urban snow disaster which are mainly based on traffic system, and applies them in Chenzhou City. The results of assessment indicate that obvious geographical differences exist in the vulnerability of snow disaster bearing bodies： vulnerability of Chenzhou section of the Beijing-Zhuhai expressway is the highest in Chenzhou City, and the southeastern counties are more vulnerable than the northwest region. Furthermore, according to the snow disaster vulnerability dynamic process analysis, the vulnerability of Chenzhou City obviously increased in 2008 winter compared with that in 2007. Finally, the paper presents some suggestions for the locations of the emergency commands and the reserves of relief materials based on the evaluation results, and points out that disaster monitoring and relevant technical level should be strengthened for the minimization of traffic system＇s vulnerability.     

基于复杂网络的台风灾害演化系统风险分析与控制研究

基于复杂网络理论,提出了一种针对自然灾害演化系统的风险分析与控制的思路与方法。以"莫拉克"台风为例,构建了包含30个危机事件与39条连接边的台风网络演化模型;采用网络节点的出入度、子网节点数和包含节点的支链数进行风险分析,并确定关键节点,进一步提出断链方案和控制建议。结果表明:狂风、暴雨、洪水、山体滑坡、泥石流、交通堵塞和村庄毁坏等事件风险较大,是台风灾害系统的关键节点。据此提出建议:提高城市排水系统运行能力,加强交通系统监管和调度力度,启动农村人员安置和灾后重建预案。