Quantitative sustainability assessment of remanufacturing waste reinforcing steel

Construction is a major contributor to the solid waste stream globally and various recycling strategies are being evaluated to recover valuable resources. As a novel strategy, remanufacturing waste reinforcing steel bar (rebar) pieces from concrete waste to produce nails was applied on an industrial scale to prove the technical feasibility, where a group of alternatives were developed based on commercially available industrial machinery. The calculated economic and environmental feasibility values are sufficiently high for industrial application, and the most appropriate remanufacturing technological alternative was identified. The sustainability equation was solved to find the social feasibility and overall remanufacturing sustainability index. Rebar waste remanufacturing has a high triple-bottom-line sustainability index of 0.885. Based on the proposed process, small remanufacturing companies can be developed, thereby aiding employment and human development by earning profit of 1904–8880 USD/day. The findings of this study are beneficial to decision makers in government and industry and are globally relevant because concrete waste is ubiquitous worldwide.     

单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性分析

为了分析单洞双线铁路隧道火灾人员疏散安全性，基于单洞双线铁路隧道结构特点，分析不同火灾场景下人员疏散模式，利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS，建立隧道火灾模型，分别研究火源位于车头和列车中部车厢内时可用安全疏散时间。利用Pathfinder软件，模拟人员折返路线与不同疏散口间距下人员疏散过程，分析必需安全疏散时间及其影响因素。研究结果表明:隧道发生火灾时，人员可用安全疏散时间与火源位置有关，必需安全疏散时间受疏散总人数、疏散口选择、疏散口间距等因素影响很大。在设计隧道疏散系统时，可通过减小疏散口间距和设置明显的疏散设施指示标识，减少人员疏散所用时间。     

下游集中补给型泥石流动力学特征与防治对策——以四川省泸定县干沟泥石流为例

干沟泥石流是一条典型的下游集中补给型泥石流沟,其物源的启动、流通与堆积在700 m范围内完成.以2005年干沟泥石流过程为例,应用三种计算公式对该沟泥石流的动力学参数进行了计算.通过计算发现,三种公式计算结果差别不大,并取其平均值作为计算结果.根据干沟泥石流流量计算和形态调查对比分析,认为2005年干沟泥石流的形成过程具有明显的堵溃效应,且前期降雨对泥石流的发生影响较为明显.在对干沟泥石流动力学参数计算、物源补给特征及形成过程分析的基础上,认为干沟在2005年后易形成高频泥石流,对该沟泥石流开展监测预警尤为必要,提出了该沟泥石流监测预警方式并予以实施,可为干沟泥石流的防灾减灾提供科学依据.     

渤海西部局地大雾变化趋势及成因分析

利用2002-2012年秦皇岛地区4个气象站大雾监测及Micaps 3.0常规资料,对比分析卢龙与沿海站大雾的时空尺度分布特征,对大雾持续时间、日数进行跨月、跨年统计,从中筛选出189个样本个例进行变化趋势分析。对典型17个过程个例按能见度大小进行3级设定,对应其同步天气背景,分析大雾偏多的成因。     

A tool for building community resilience? A case study of the Lewes Pound

In the last decade, “resilience” has gained increasing recognition as a theoretical framework for understanding and managing change in complex social–ecological systems. Resilience assessments are increasingly used to inform sustainability initiatives, strategies, and policies. The Lewes Pound represents a new complementary currency model in the UK, aiming to build community resilience. However, there have been no empirical studies to date assessing the socio-economic impacts of this model. This article addresses the need to understand how such currencies function by measuring whether the Lewes Pound is capable of building resilience. This is done by developing a novel framework for estimating economic, social, and environmental outcomes, which uses a mixed-methods approach. Findings suggest that complementary currencies can enhance social-ecological resilience through awareness-raising and changes in consumption. Although economic localisation – a key indicator – is lacking, there is evidence that the Lewes Pound has developed social interactions and changed consumption patterns of its users.     

基于超声透射特性的密闭容器液位测量与装置设计*

针对金属密闭容器内液体液位测量问题,设计1种基于超声透射特性的非接触式液位测量装置。测量装置根据被测容器内液体介质与气体介质透射系数不同的原理,通过超声接收探头回波情况判断容器内液体位置,利用软件与硬件结合,调整超声发射探头与接收探头的放大倍数,实现对不同材料、厚度容器内液位的测量。测量装置可以将所测液位、容器倾斜程度等数据通过上位机、阿里云平台等多方位显示。研究结果表明:该测量装置可测量不同材料、厚度密闭容器内承装液体的液位,所测数据较为稳定,测量误差范围不大于3 mm。     

不同溃坝条件下尾矿库溃坝试验与灾害影响研究*

为探究不同溃坝条件下尾砂流的演进规律与灾害影响,提高应对尾矿库溃坝灾害的防灾减灾能力。以四川某尾矿库为研究背景,采用模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究不同溃坝条件下溃坝砂流的演进和沉积规律,并预估溃坝灾害影响。研究结果表明:溃坝方式对溃坝砂流的演进过程、尾砂的沉积分布情况与致灾程度有显著影响;与漫顶溃坝相比,瞬时溃坝砂流的淹没范围更广、破坏性更强;砂流在流动过程中存在水-砂分层流动与沉淀的动态变化过程,其淹没面积大于尾砂的沉积面积;试验与数值模拟结果的一致性较高,采用两者相结合的方法研究溃坝砂流流动规律及灾害影响具有一定的可靠性。     

钒渣中钒的浸出特性

对制钒浸出工序进行研究,了解钒渣中钒残留比率及钒含量的变化范围,并对随州、竹山、郧西等地钒厂在不同生产工艺、不同堆放深度、不同排渣年份条件下的钒渣中钒的浸出特性进行了研究。结果表明,渣样中钒含量分布于3.5mg/L～30mg/L,钒在渣中残留比约为4.5%～5.6%,钠化焙烧渣钒含量高于钙化焙烧渣。与砷毒性的类比结果说明,不能排除钒渣属于危险废物的可能。     

民国前期荆江两岸地区洪水灾害若干特征分析

“万里长江,险在荆江”,民国前期(1912—1927)荆江两岸地区水灾频仍。在荆江两岸地区1912—1927年洪水灾害相关资料的基础上,运用一般统计方法和理论分析了这一时期洪水灾害的若干特征,即普遍性、连续性、积累性和区域性四个特征。对洪水灾害基本特征及其规律的探讨至今对于有效的进行水患治理与防治仍有着深远的影响。