工伤保险在社保制度中的排序变化及其内涵

目前我国常见的社会保险制度排序是养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险,工伤保险制度位列第四位;而在计划经济时期的劳动保险制度系列中,工伤待遇规定曾位居第一位,尔后才是医疗待遇规定、养老待遇规定和生育待遇规定。上述排序变化的出现不会是立法者的偶然随意之为,而是以实行市场经济体制改革后我国劳动者-企业-国家之"三方关系"出现的根本性变化为背景原因的,与制度本身从一种面向牺牲了个人安全和健康的建设功臣们实施的国家慰谢待遇向以分散风险、损失共担为机理的保险制度发生的转化密切相关。针对近年来极端劳资纠纷事件增多的趋势,我国的劳动安全管理及工伤保险立法决策还应更加注重向弱势劳动者的倾斜。     

矿井风流温度预测分析研究

随着煤矿机械化程度不断提高,特别是随着开采深度逐渐增加,矿井热害问题日益突显,高温环境不仅影响生产效率而且严重危害着工作人员的健康。为了更好地降低高温矿井开采时期巷道风流温度,确定合理的巷道布置方案和矿井通风系统,提出矿井巷道风流温度预测方法。以矿井通风和热力学为基础,结合网络解算,对矿井风流温度分布进行研究,总结各种类型巷道风流温度的计算方法,提出多点风流混合温度计算模型。结合具体矿井进行实际预测分析,预测结果中显示风流温度可能超限的巷道,对通风系统进行优化设计。     

12-Year longitudinal study linking within-person changes in work and family transitions and workplace injury risk

Introduction: Despite the rich tradition of research on predictors of workplace injury, most studies rely on cross-sectional, between-person designs. Furthermore, prior research has often overlooked the possibility that factors outside the work domain can influence the occurrence of actual injuries at work. To address these limitations, the current study examined the effects of work and family demands on the occurrence of workplace injury. Drawing on the intuition of the work-home resources model (W-HR), we investigated how within-person level changes in demands and resources from both domains influence work injuries over a 12-year period. Method: We used 12 years of longitudinal data (N = 7,820) to study the long-term within-person changes in work and family domains and to capture the event of low frequency incidence such as workplace injury. Specifically, we conducted multilevel analyses to study the links between within-person change in time and energy resources both in work and family domains and within-person change in the likelihood of experiencing a workplace injury. Results and conclusion: The findings showed that within-person changes in work hours, spousal work hours, income and number of children, were significantly associated with changes in the likelihood of experiencing a workplace injury. We conclude with a discussion of implications for theory and future research of workplace injuries. Practical application: The research provided useful insights on the intimate association between work and family domains in the context of safety management.     

地震震后埋压人员伤情程度分级研究

地震震后救援的重点对象是被埋压的伤员,为了在实施救援之前对伤员受伤程度进行准确判断,进一步弥补目前针对埋压人员伤情判断缺少统一标准的不足。基于现有文献在地震震后人员受伤特点以及分级救援等方面已有成果,对地震埋压的形成、救援、伤亡情况进行统计和分析。通过对埋压伤员损害因素以及对救援的影响因素进行综合分析,对埋压伤员的损伤进行分类,进而确定对地震震后埋压伤员的损伤分级指标及其优先顺序。最后,以其他类似分级标准为参考,对各指标进行分级演绎,制定出综合分级表,为伤员损伤程度的分级标准化提供一定的参考,研究结果有助于震后应急救援资源配置的优化,进而提高整体救援效率。     

Leaf age affects the responses of foliar injury and gas exchange to tropospheric ozone in Prunus serotina seedlings

We investigated the effect of leaf age on the response of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g_wv), foliar injury, and leaf nitrogen concentration (N_L) to tropospheric ozone (O₃) on Prunus serotina seedlings grown in open-plots (AA) and open-top chambers, supplied with either carbon-filtered or non-filtered air. We found significant variation in A, g_wv, foliar injury, and N_L (P < 0.05) among O₃ treatments. Seedlings in AA showed the highest A and g_wv due to relatively low vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Older leaves showed significantly lower A, g_wv, N_L, and higher foliar injury (P < 0.001) than younger leaves. Leaf age affected the response of A, g_wv, and foliar injury to O₃. Both VPD and N_L had a strong influence on leaf gas exchange. Foliar O₃-induced injury appeared when cumulative O₃ uptake reached 8-12 mmol m⁻², depending on soil water availability. The mechanistic assessment of O₃-induced injury is a valuable approach for a biologically relevant O₃ risk assessment for forest trees.     

安全分级评价在工伤保险中的应用研究

为了完善工伤保险费率制度,增强其科学性与合理性,将模糊综合评价法应用于安全分级评价,并以此指导保险费率的制定。阐述了安全评价指标权重的确定方法,选用层次分析法构建安全评价指标权重模型,选用模糊评判法构建安全分级评价模型,得出了工程项目安全分级评价等级确定方法。以我国某山区高速公路第二施工现场为例,按照安全分级评价状况确定其工伤保险费率水平。最后分析了安全分级评价对保险费率制定的指导作用。     

Bridging the gap: bringing together intentional and unintentional injury prevention efforts to improve health and well being

PROBLEM: Intentional and unintentional injury prevention efforts have traditionally been independent and non-integrated. Fostering collaboration between the sub-fields would enhance work within both sub-fields and advance injury prevention work as a whole. METHOD: A systematic assessment of similarities and differences between the sub-fields was performed, including an examination of relevant definitions and norms, research methods and findings, key risk and resiliency factors, and prevention strategies that would promote collaboration and better advance current prevention efforts. RESULTS/SUMMARY: Several areas exist in which injury prevention efforts could be coordinated or ideas and practices could be cross-applied, including training of practitioners, data collection and analysis, application of tools and methodologies, examination of risk and resiliency factors, and identification of funding sources and partners. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This paper delineates how intentional and unintentional injury prevention practitioners can more effectively collaborate to promote safer environments and further reduce incidence of injury. An integrated injury prevention approach could significantly impact the underlying contributors to both types of injury, allowing practitioners within both sub-fields to achieve greater outcomes through increased credibility, reduced duplication of efforts, more efficient use of resources, and unified injury prevention messages.     

在模拟酸雨胁迫下,棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)子叶圆片叶绿素含量和可见伤害症状应变模型研究

以棉花子叶圆片为材料,研究了酸雨在伤害叶绿素过程中的胁迫强度、胁迫时间(胁程)和胁变量三者相互间的数量关系.结果表明,叶绿素含量下降率和可见伤害指数与酸雨pH值之间具有拟合度很高的Logistic曲线关系;Logistic拟合方程中的拐点处pH值和曲线降低率及A,b等参数均是时间的函数,分别与胁程有一定的相关性;在pH值为2.5酸雨胁迫下,叶绿素含量下降率在24h内、可见伤害指数在4h内与胁程之间具有拟合度很高的直角双曲线关系;根据这些关系建立植物酸雨伤害模型.     

在模拟酸雨胁迫下,棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)子叶圆片叶绿素含量和可见伤害症状应变模型研究

以棉花子叶圆片为材料,研究了酸雨在伤害叶绿素过程中的胁迫强度、胁迫时间(胁程)和胁变量三者相互间的数量关系.结果表明,叶绿素含量下降率和可见伤害指数与酸雨pH值之间具有拟合度很高的Logistic曲线关系;Logistic拟合方程中的拐点处pH值和曲线降低率及A,b等参数均是时间的函数,分别与胁程有一定的相关性;在pH值为2.5酸雨胁迫下,叶绿素含量下降率在24h内、可见伤害指数在4h内与胁程之间具有拟合度很高的直角双曲线关系;根据这些关系建立植物酸雨伤害模型.     

华山松松茎象幼虫的危害及其防治研究

华山松松茎象是南岳景区松树上新发现的一种重要害虫,该虫严重危害华山松和黑松.本文介绍了其幼虫的取食危害特点及防治方法.该虫幼虫取食华山松和黑松的韧皮部,同时取食新鲜的松脂,越冬后的幼虫仅靠取食新鲜松脂就能正常发育,并化蛹、羽化.单株虫口数量与松树树干基部直径呈明显正相关,即树干基部直径在10.0~20.0 cm 、20.1~25.0 cm 、25.1~35.0 cm之间的松树,平均单株有虫数量分别为1.0头株-1、1.98头株-1和3.30头.株-1.在5~10月间,采用人工清除幼虫的方法可有效地控制该虫的危害,采用化学药剂防治该虫效果不明显.