地震环境下不同重要性建筑的抗震设防水准

针对我国进行建筑物重要性分类时没有考虑地震环境影响的现实,采用地震危险性分析的方法将我国划分为地震危险性不同的3个区.同时,在采用调整设计基准期来标定建筑的重要性类别的基础上,利用地震动参数的危险性曲线,分析了不同重要性建筑在不同危险性特征分区内、不同设防概率水准(常遇、偶遇、罕遇地震)下的地震动参数(设防烈度、地震影响系数和地震地面运动加速度)的取值,最终证实调整结构的设计基准期并考虑地震环境的影响是标定结构的重要性从而调整设防等级的一种好方法.     

CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROLOGIC BEHAVIORS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: Environmental response to acidic deposition results from movement of water through the ecosystem. As a part of the environmental studies for acidic deposition sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), hydrologic classification based on regional baseflow properties was done. To obtain the amount of baseflow, a flow separation method was developed based on the division of streamflows into “baseflow” and “other” runoff sources. Because of the differences in the flow paths and exposure duration, the two components were assumed to be associated with distinct geo-chemical responses. Individual annual hydrographs were analyzed using 31 separation slopes to determine the amount of baseflow. A total of 1575 streamflow stations in the Northeastern U.S. were analyzed through the access of a long-term daily stream-flow data base. An interactive computer program was developed to obtain baseflow properties and other hydrologic characteristics of each station. The output from this analysis was used to perform cluster analysis to classify streamflow behaviors. The clustering output showed different regional boundaries than those currently used by the EPA for water quality studies.     

DESIGNATION OF WETLANDS BY WEIGHTED AVERAGES OF VEGETATION DATA: A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION1

ABSTRACT: Weighted averages (WA) was investigated as a vegetation-based method for wetland designation, to be used in conjunction with the wetland indicator status of plants from Wetland Plants of the United States of America 1986 (Reed, 1986). Ecological indices were assigned to indicator groups and were used to compute weighted averages for quantitative data obtained from four studies of wetland vegetation conducted in various regions of the United States. Weighted averages of vegetation data proved to be a useful tool for assessing wetland status of the vegetation types included in our study: (1) rankings of vegetation stands or types by WA correlated well with their positions on environmental moisture gradients; and (2) the results of WA could be used, together with a wetland/upland break-point, to designate vegetation types as wetland or upland in a way that agreed well, in three of the four studies, with an alternative classification of wetland habitats. The variation of weighted averages among the sampling units representing a vegetation type was generally small relative to the range of ecological indices assigned. However, designations based on weighted average scores close to the break-point should be considered provisional and must be verified with supplementary data on soils and hydrology.     

山东省旅游经济综合实力评价与类型划分

以山东省17个地区为区域研究单元，运用因子分析法对山东省旅游经济的发展水平进行了综合评价，并结合聚类分析方法把各地旅游经济划分为5种类型。以统计结果为依据，不仅给出了各地区的综合名次和属类，还对形成原因进行了有针对性地分析。     

矿井通风信息界定与分类研究

为了改善我国煤矿通风安全状况,研究矿山通风信息的采集和处理.将通风管理人员纳入通风系统的概念中,从建立矿井通风信息管理系统的目的出发,确定了信息界定的原则、依据、方法和范围.将矿井通风信息分为通风动力信息(机械动力信息和自然风压信息)、通风网路信息(网络结构信息和分支信息)、通风调控设施信息(风门、密闭、调节风窗、风帘、风桥信息)、通风管理人员信息和矿井空气品质信息(反映人舒适度及对人有益、有害物质浓度的信息),并分别界定了每一类包含的信息,共191个单独信息.     

土地开发复垦潜力分析初探——以四川省彭州市为例

以四川省彭州市为例，对彭州市待开发复垦的土地进行了潜力分析，包括耕地后备资源的调查、待开发复垦土地的适宜用途评价、潜力分级、经济效益及前景分析。结果表明：在耕地后备资源调查的基础上，通过对待开发复垦土地的潜力分析，可以明确土地开发复垦后的适宜用途、土地开发复垦的难易程度以及空间布局和数量分布，这是对县（市）域进行土地开发复垦潜力研究的有效方法，也是在实际运用中具有较强指导意义的方法。     

基于CBERS-02卫星数据的地震滑坡识别——以青川县为例

以5.12地震后四川省青川县为研究区域,以该区域CBERS-02 CCD数据及DEM数据为基础数据,结合国内外滑坡遥感识别数据处理方法,通过九个特征指标(CBERS-02 CCD五个波段、亮度、绿度、湿度及坡度)组合对青川县进行滑坡识别。首先经过镶嵌裁剪得到研究区影像图,用1、2、3波段合成真彩色图像,对该区域遥感影像滤波增强处理,减少图像斑点,改善图像质量,同时应用穗帽变换生成研究区的亮度、绿度、湿度指标;然后结合地震滑坡分布的地质地貌、构造岩性、形状纹理特点,对九个特征指标进行最大似然法监督分类;最后利用青川县的现场调查资料,对该滑坡识别结果进行了验证,同时结合滑坡发生的机理对滑坡分布进行了分析。研究区域的滑坡分布具有以下特点:1)分布范围广泛,且河谷两岸较多;2)地震产生的滑坡大多发生在坡度40°～50°、海拔700～1 100 m的山坡上。研究结果表明,利用中巴卫星进行滑坡识别的分类精度为76.4676%,Kappa系数为0.7130,抽取初步识别的96个滑坡进行野外校验,正确率为89%。证明中巴卫星适应于山区地震滑坡的识别。     

Classification of di erent sustainable flood retention basin types

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former (often old) drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.     

国际化学危险品分类体系简介

介绍了当前国际化学危险品的各种分类体系,对比了GHS与TDG、EU_CLP、DOT、WHMIS等对化学危险品的具体分类。有助于GHS的理解与掌握,全面推进GHS在我国的实施。     

大气环境腐蚀性分类分级研究综述

介绍了大气环境腐蚀性分类分级的发展状况、方法和作用,归纳了现有大气环境腐蚀性分类分级方法在等级划分、影响因素等方面存在的不足,展望了大气环境腐蚀性分类分级研究的发展趋势,并指出了开展针对高分子材料的大气环境老化严酷度分类分级研究的重要意义。