水源地土壤环境保护优先区划分方法与实例研究

本研究综合考虑水源地沿岸土壤环境质量、水体污染现状、环境脆弱性和污染源压力这4个方面,探索建立了河流型水源地土壤环境保护优先区划分的技术方法,并以广东省佛山市顺德水道作为实证案例,结合当地自然-社会-经济条件,选取土壤污染程度、沉积物污染程度、土壤特性、地下水敏感性、植被覆盖度、污染源类型、污染源分布作为评价因子,构建了水源地土壤环境保护优先区分等定级评价指标体系.将实地采样分析与遥感影像解译相结合获取数据,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,通过加权求和与图层叠加完成空间分析与制图,编制了顺德水道土壤环境保护优先区分级图.其中,污染区、风险区、安全区的面积分别占区域总面积的6.37%、60.90%、32.73%,且污染区和风险区集中在河道两岸的乐从镇、龙江镇和勒流街道,分布于该区域的家具制造、塑料建材、纺织服装等产业的长期发展,以及水产养殖等农业活动应是主要的污染来源,并据此提出了有针对性的差异性管控措施.本研究对水源地土壤环境保护和可持续开发利用具有重要指导意义.     

面向区域可持续发展的信息特征分类

区域可持续发展是可持续发展在时间、空间和构成要素上的含义的具体化。信息特征分类是区域可持续发展研究的基础内容之一。区域可持续发展的信息特征具有时空性和复杂性的特点。在总结前人区域可持续发展相关研究的基础上，提出区域可持续发展信息特征分类的原则和综合分类方法。依据区域可持续发展的三维系统理论（即区域系统在时间上／代际之间的公平，空闻上（区域内和区域间）发展的平等和区域系统各要素闻的协调）。在将区域可持续发展系统的信息特征分为时间特征、空间特征和要素构成特征的基础上，初步建立区域可持续发展多维信息特征分类的框架及其编码。并给出具体应用实例。这对于区域可持续发展信息的共事，区域可持续发展数据模型的研究以及区域可持续发展的评价等具有重要的意义。     

基于外部性理论的中国环境管理体制设计

环境问题的外部性属性决定了其不可能依靠市场解决。必须进行适当的政府干预。研究外部性的意义在于内部化，即纠正市场失灵。本文对外部性进行了主体划分．建立了以时间和空间为基准的外部性分类矩阵，构建了外部性绝对大小和相对大小的概念模型。基于这些研究．分别回答环境问题是否需要管理、由谁来管、采取什么手段以及管到什么程度的问题．并由此提出“三级两层”的中国环境管理体制框架。跨行政区的环境外部性应当由上一级政府负责管理，在总社会成本最小化的前提下．应当在尽量小的范围实现较高程度的内部化，内部化手段的搭配符合费用效果最好原则。建议中国的环境管理体制改革在保留国家、省、市三级环境管理机构的基础上。设置环保总局和省环保局的分局以便直接管理省际、市际等外部性。     

煤矿环境地质灾害及其分类、环境效应和影响特点

煤矿环境地质灾害是煤矿区环境问题的主要发生源。作者根据灾害发生和持续的时间、动力作用方式对其进行了分类,并总结了煤矿环境地质灾害的效应和影响特点。     

恶臭污染评价分级方法

恶臭污染的定量评价分级是评价恶臭污染状况的重要依据,但目前我国还没有成熟的恶臭污染分级标准.在分析了国外臭气强度标准的基础上,结合韦伯-费希纳公式,计算臭气浓度与臭气强度的对应值,以臭气强度的嗅觉感觉和丰富的实验经验为依据,将恶臭污染程度初步划分为5级,并对分级结果的科学性和合理性进行实验验证.     

Forecasting the Spread of Invasive Rainbow Smelt in the Laurentian Great Lakes Region of North America

Abstract:  Rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ) have invaded many North American lakes, often resulting in the extirpation of native fish populations. Yet, their invasion is incipient and provides the rationale for identifying ecosystems likely to be invaded and where management and prevention efforts should be focused. To predict smelt presence and absence, we constructed a classification-tree model based on habitat data from 354 lakes in the native range for smelt in southern Maine. Maximum lake depth, lake area, and Secchi depth (surrogate measure of lake productivity) were the most important predictors. We then used our model to identify lakes vulnerable to invasion in three regions outside the smelt's native range: northern Maine (52 of 244 lakes in the non-native range), Ontario (4447 of 8110), and Wisconsin (553 of 5164). We further identified a subset of lakes with a strong potential for impact (potential–impact lakes) based on the presence of fish species that are affected by rainbow smelt. Ninety-four percent of vulnerable lakes in the non-native range in Maine are also potential–impact lakes, as are 94% and 58% of Ontario and Wisconsin's vulnerable lakes, respectively. Our modeling approach can be applied to other invaders and regions to identify invasion-prone ecosystems, thus aiding in the management of invasive species and the efficient allocation of invasive species mitigation and prevention resources.     

Issues in reverse supply chain,part III: classification and simple analysis

Due to growing environmental concern and increasing awareness among customers, reverse supply chain (RSC) has received much attention among researchers and practitioners. Therefore it is necessary to provide a comprehensive list of references for other researchers (or readers), who are interested in RSC research to help stimulate further interest. In this paper, we present classification schemes and a simple analysis for the reverse supply chain. This literature review was mainly based on journal articles but also included web based documents, conference materials, working papers, etc. A total of 543 articles were reviewed, of which 506 were published between 1967 and 2008 from 100 reputed international journals. Based on the literature review carried out and the nature of research observed in RSC, we have introduced two classification schemes to systematically organise the published articles. The first classification scheme is based on the content related issues on RSC and the second one is based on the solution methodology followed by the researchers. These classification schemes indicate that there is considerable research potential for RSC. The results also show that there is strong growth in RSC research.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Aggregated Indices for Integrated Assessment with a Case Study of the Mid-Atlantic Region

Environmental indicators are often aggregated into a single index for various purposes in environmental studies. Aggregated indices derived from the same data set can differ, usually because the aggregated indices' sensitivities are not thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, if a sensitivity analysis is carried out, it is not presented in a transparent fashion to policy decision-makers. This paper presents a method of generating various aggregated environmental indices and analyzing their sensitivities via the use of the fuzzy set concept. Results show that several insights into the environmental conditions of the study area (e.g., the distribution of good or bad values of indicators at a watershed and or across the region) can be revealed in the sensitivity analysis of aggregated indices.     

蜡状芽孢杆菌的裂解气相色谱分析初探

裂解气相色谱 (ｐｙｒｏｌｙｓｉｓｇａｓＣｈｒｏｍａｔｏｇｒａｐｈｙ ,ＰＹＧＣ)用于细菌的分析较多 .一般菌株都有其特征的裂解图谱 ,而同属不同种 (或不同血清型 )的菌株 ,其相应的特征峰或峰群的强度不同 ,通过比较 ,均可将其区分至属、种 ,甚至亚种水平[1] .周方等[2 ] 1980年用ＰＹＧＣ分析了肠道杆菌 ,纪标等[3 ] 1992年用ＰＹＧＣ分析了 15株伤寒沙门氏菌 ,李兆麟等[4] 1981年用ＰＹＧＣ分析了苏云金芽孢杆菌的所有血清型 ,可以快速简便地把它们分开 .本文作者用ＰＹＧＣ对 5株蜡状芽孢杆菌进行裂解气相色谱分析 ,以期探讨其热解…     

湖北宜都奥陶纪地质公园旅游资源开发设想

湖北省宜都市岩溶地貌十分发育。在以王家畈乡为主体的面积约200km^2的岩溶地貌区域内．有天街、响水洞瀑布、古婆树、石塔、松乐山森林公园、石林生态、峡谷、天坑、溶洞、大岩屋、富硫泉水、陡崖、石巷、石林、古生物化石出露地等十五类以地质遗迹为主体的旅游景观。园区内55个自然景点组成了柳河景区、绿竹溪景区、毛湖淌景区、石羊河景区、大岩屋景区、潘家湾景区、仙女洞景区、老屋棚景区、松乐山景区、石塔景区、帽子尖景区等11个景区。宜都奥陶纪地质公园是以出露地层奥陶系地层为主体的岩溶地貌区域。建议在开发这些地质、地貌资源时．坚持以保护地质遗迹景观为前提。遵循开发与保护相结合的原则,严格保护自然与文化遗产。保护原有的景观特征和地方特色,维护生态环境的良性循环．防止污染和其它地质灾害．确保可持续发展。