近岸海域生态系统服务功能监测的指标体系研究

按照海洋生态系统服务功能的特点,对监测海洋生态服务功能的指标体系进行了初步研究。具体分为三个一级指标,包括供给功能、调节功能和支持功能,又将如上一级指标细分为十个二级指标。本文旨在运用生态系统服务功能的理论框架和方法,为完善近岸海域生态监测的指标体系奠定基础。     

浙南海域麻痹性贝毒研究

在浙南海域共采集了10种贝类40份样品.运用高效液相色谱方法检测麻痹性贝毒,共检出5份样品含有麻痹性贝毒.染毒样品检出的麻痹性贝毒毒力值范围为22.3～70.0 μgSTXeq/100 g软组织,均低于我国目前暂定的80μgSTXeq/100 g的安全警戒值.5个样品中共检测出7种麻痹性贝毒成分,其中以C2,GTX5和...     

我国近岸海域优先控制有机污染物的筛选

针对当前我国海洋环境中有机污染现状和监测评价的需求,本文借鉴国内外研究经验,以我国近岸海域有机污染物的环境分布浓度、污染物的急慢性毒性和理化性质为评价赋值指标,建立了基于环境暴露指数和环境效应指数为基础的优先控制有机污染物定量筛选方法.利用本筛选方法,尝试性的提出了我国近岸海域优先控制有机污染物名单,以此为海洋管理部门...     

江苏沿海化工快速发展的空间格局、环境响应和战略管理对策

江苏省的化工产业污染正呈现向沿海地区快速转移的趋势.为此,本研究首先利用Landsat TM遥感数据快速识别江苏沿海化工园区,并与GIS结合分析其空间分布格局;接着分析各化工园区与饮用水源地、重要生态敏感区距离及所处区域人口密度,计算各化工园区对周边生态系统的污染胁迫度;然后根据空间分布格局及污染胁迫度计算结果确定8个...     

An occupational chemical priority list for future life cycle assessments

A chemical priority list is presented to screen and identify relevant chemicals, for which more detailed and industrial-sector specific quantitative exposure, risk and life-cycle assessments should be completed. A list of 38 solvents were ranked according to the framework of the LCA toxicity model, USEtox, and according to the framework proposed by the UNEP/SETAC working group on Indoor Exposure Assessment in LCA. An additional method, based on a risk assessment (RA) framework, was used to examine the robustness of the priority rank. Under both schemes dichloromethane, ethanol, formaldehyde, hexane and toluene all rank in the top ten positions. These chemicals are currently relevant with regard to health effects on a population level. Some of these chemicals are known as hazardous, while others, such as ethanol, have a low toxicity but were prioritized because of their extensive use and high exposure levels. This study attempts to combine the knowledge and methods of the LCA and occupational hygiene communities in assessing health impacts. It provides a consistent and transparent method for rapid comparative assessments of different chemicals and identifies the chemicals and workplaces that will require more thorough investigations.     

滨海城市气溶胶中颗粒态汞的分布特征

与气溶胶颗粒相结合的汞,即颗粒态汞,不仅对人体健康及生态环境产生一定的危害,而且在汞的生物地球化学过程扮演重要角色.以我国东南滨海城市厦门市为研究对象,采集郊区、居民区、旅游区、工业区和背景区四季(2008年10月～2009年8月)的PM2.5、PM10和TSP样品,基于塞曼原子吸收法的俄罗斯LumexRA-915+汞分析仪对大气不同粒径颗粒物中颗粒态汞进行了测试.结果表明,厦门市大气不同粒径颗粒物中汞的含量均表现为冬、春两季的浓度明显高于夏、秋两季;春、夏、秋、冬四季细颗粒物(PM2.5)中的含量分别为(51.46±19.28)、(42.41±12.74)、(38.38±6.08)和(127.23±33.70)pg/m3.不同粒径颗粒物中汞主要分布在PM2.5中,占到颗粒物态汞的42.48%～67.87%,表明细粒子富集汞的能力较强.不同功能区颗粒态汞的浓度分布趋势为背景区居民区旅游区工业区郊区,说明颗粒态汞浓度的空间分布特征与采样点的环境功能密切相关.总体而言,滨海城市大气颗粒态汞含量较低;PM2.5对颗粒态汞的富集明显高于PM10和TSP,表明对颗粒态汞的控制应集中在细颗粒物污染上.     

Accident risk of foreign drivers in various road environments

INTRODUCTION: This paper reports on the accident risk of foreign and native drivers in various road environments in Greece. In particular, the analysis aims to determine the combined effect of driver nationality, area type (inside/outside urban area), junction (yes/no), and lighting conditions (day/night) on accident fault risk. METHODS: Data from the national accident database of Greece are used in a hierarchical log-linear analysis. The induced exposure technique is applied due to the lack of exposure data. Estimated and observed odds ratios are then examined for the quantification of the various effects in terms of relative risk. RESULTS: The initial examination of a saturated model leads to the rejection of all three- and higher-order effects within variables, without providing an adequate fit to the data. On the contrary, a non-saturated second-order model presents a very satisfactory overall fit. The examination of single and combined effects indicates that the most significant effect on accident risk rises from the presence of foreign drivers at junctions. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm that foreign drivers in Greece are at increased risk. However, immigrant permanent residents appear to have a lower risk compared to tourists, regardless of the road environment.     

A new photon kinetic-measure based on the kinetics of electron-hole pairs in photodegradation of textile wastewater using the UV-H2O2FS-TiO2 process

Actual textile wastewater and synthesized wastewater containing various textile dyes were photocatalytic degraded by the UVH2O2Fs-TiO2 process in an aimular-flow photocatalytic reactor. In this process, a photon kinetic-measure was adopted to obtain constant rates of dyes decomposition. It was theorized that, by illumination at different UV frequencies, the electrons within the semiconductor were excited from the valence band to the conduction band, yielding the formation of electron-hole pairs which are the pre-requisites for photocatalysis. CPT （critical photonic time） exposure required to cause 90% of vibrations between the double and single bonds along the molecular chain of the dyes to be oxidized, was taken to measure the photocatalytic activities. The CPTs varied with the frequencies of the UV spectral areas. The derivatization of CPT from the first-order kinetic law was presented.     

高强度铝合金典型沿海地区腐蚀行为加速试验方法研究

目的构建适用于高强度铝合金在某工业海洋性气候地区的加速腐蚀试验方法。方法选用飞机结构用典型高强度铝合金7B04-T6为试验材料,进行实验室加速腐蚀试验与某工业地区海洋大气环境曝晒试验,并对试验后的试样进行疲劳性能评价。通过平均腐蚀速率测试、腐蚀形态特征观察、疲劳断口特征分析,腐蚀加速倍率计算,对两种形式腐蚀铝合金的腐蚀机理和疲劳破坏行为等进行综合对比。结果经历实验室加速腐蚀试验与海洋大气环境曝晒试验后,7B04-T6铝合金的质量损失率基本相等,腐蚀形貌相近,疲劳断口特征一致,因而两种腐蚀模式一致,机理相同。结论所编制的实验室加速环境谱与试验方法,能够较好地用于某工业海洋性气候地区高强度铝合金材料和结构的环境损伤加速试验,实验室与外场海洋大气环境曝晒试验的加速比为97.64。     

饮用水中消毒副产物的室内暴露模拟方法研究进展

在居民日常涉水活动中,居民饮用水中的消毒副产物(Disinfection By-Products,DBPs)可通过人体消化道、呼吸及皮肤吸收3种途径长期暴露于人体,从而引起各种健康危害效应.对国内外饮用水DBPs水质标准及暴露研究现状进行了阐述,分析了发生在不同涉水过程中的暴露途径及影响暴露途径和暴露效率的因素,重点对3种暴露途径下的常用暴露估算数学模型及其应用进行了总结,对国内外暴露参数的研究现状及重要性进行了阐述.