近地面NO_2浓度卫星遥感估算问题

对卫星遥感监测大气NO_2的差分算法涉及的科学问题进行了综述,包括去除大气散射和地表反射噪声影响、大气拉曼散射引起的Ring效应校正、不同大气成分分离和观测垂直归一化等问题。国际上通过剔除平流层NO_2获得对流层柱浓度产品,文章绕开平流层NO_2获取问题,提出了结合大气化学模式模拟的垂直廓线直接估算近地面NO_2浓度技术方法,以更好地满足环境空气质量的观测需求,阐述了几个影响NO_2反演精度的相关问题。     

加氢裂化装置硫的腐蚀与防护

对加氢裂化装置加工高硫原油后的腐蚀情况进行了分析,重点分析了装置加工高合硫原料油后出现的分馏塔顶系统的设备、管线H2S腐蚀问题.进行了205B-1型缓蚀剂的应用试验,取得了良好的缓蚀效果.     

硫／石灰石滤柱去除地下水中硝酸盐的研究

本文对硫／石灰石滤柱去除地下水中硝酸盐的工艺进行了报道。考察了滤柱的出水水质特性，并对滤料上附着的微生物进行研究。结果表明：①若硫／石灰石滤柱的进水浓度为２５ｍｇ／Ｌ（ＮＯ３－Ｎ），运行滤速为１．５ｍ／ｈ，则滤柱的运行周期为２１ｄ，在运行周期内，硝酸盐去除率高于９８％。滤柱穿透后，经反复冲洗，又很快恢复了运行。②滤柱滤料上存在大量的脱氮硫杆菌，其活菌数为１０８～１０９个／ｍＬ，异养反硝化菌的活菌数为脱氮硫杆菌的１／１０。滤料表面还存在少量的排硫杆菌，那不勒斯硫杆菌和硫酸盐还原菌、但不存在氧化硫硫杆菌等其它硫杆菌。     

新疆油田采出水及脱水原油挥发性组分分析及其在土壤中的淋滤特性

为了分析油田采出水及原油淋滤液挥发性组分的特性,采用气相色谱质谱法测试了油田采出水及脱水原油淋滤液中的挥发性有机物(VOCs),并通过土柱试验考察了原油可溶组分通过不同土壤厚度后的浓度变化规律。结果表明:在油田采出水中测得92种可溶性VOCs,在脱水原油淋滤液中测得29种可溶性VOCs,经过10 cm厚度的土壤后溶解组分大部分被吸附。苯系物和萘是原油的主要溶解组分,可以作为油田地下水污染的主要研究对象,土壤对原油淋滤液中VOCs组分具有较强的吸附能力。     

Effects of hydrodynamics processes on phosphorus fluxes from sediment in large, shallow Taihu Lake

The turnover of phosphorus （P） in lake sediments, a major cause of eutrophication and subsequent deterioration of water quality, is in need of deep understanding. In this study, effects of resuspension on P release were studied in cylindrical microcosms with Yshape apparatus. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between flux of suspended substance across sediment-water interface （Fss） and the wind speed, and an increasing Fss during each wind process followed by a steady state. The maximal Fss under fight, moderate, and strong wind conditions were 299.9±41.1,573.4±61.7, and 2093.8±215.7 g/m^2, respectively. However, flux of P across sediment-water interface （Fp） did not follow a similar pattern as Fss responding to wind intensity, which increased and reached the maximum in initial 120 rain for fight wind, then decreased gradually, with maximal flux of 9.4±1.9 mg/m^2. A rapid increase of Fp at the first 30 rain was observed under moderate wind, with maximal flux of 11.2±0.6 mg/m^2. Surprisingly, strong wind caused less Fp than under light and moderate wind conditions with maximal flux of 3.5±0.9 mg/m^2. Fss in water column declined obviously during the sedimentation process after winds, but Fp varied with wind regime. No obvious difference was detected on Fp after 8 h sedimentation process, compared with the initial value, which means little redundant P left in the water column after winds.     

汉丰湖和高阳湖水体氮磷分布及影响因素研究

为了研究三峡水库蓄水及汉丰湖调节坝运行对湖库氮磷营养盐的影响,于2018年11月～2019年10月对汉丰湖和高阳湖进行逐月水样采集.结果 表明:汉丰湖TN浓度为0.78～2.38 mg/L,TP浓度为0.03～0.13 mg/L;高阳湖TN浓度为0.57～2.48 mg/L,TP浓度为0.03～0.09 mg/L,两湖...     

泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带柱状沉积物铅同位素组成的变化与来源

不同源区铅同位素的组成不同,可以利用铅同位素的这种“指纹”特征来示踪铅的不同来源.泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带柱状沉积物中,从底层到表层其铅同位素组成呈现出一定的变化规律,其中207 pb/204Pb呈上升趋势,206 Pb/2077 Pb和208 Pb/(2066pb+207 Pb)呈下降趋势.铅污染的来源主要与工业生产、污水排放和燃油尾气排放有关,受燃煤的影响很少,从底层到表层铅同位素组成的演化趋势为:由工业及污水排放逐渐向汽车尾气方向飘移结合定年分析,推断出油铅的污染起源于20世纪80年代中期,其污染呈不断加重趋势;其中表层沉积物中铅的污染受汽车尾气排放的影响最为严重.对不同时期沉积物中铅污染的来源及其相对贡献率研究表明,1973年到1984年间,沉积物受燃油铅的影响较少,其污染来源主要以工业污染为主,其贡献率占70％以上;1984到1994年间汽车尾气铅的贡献率迅速上升,占到了50％;而1996年到2008年汽车尾气铅的贡献率逐渐增加,由50％上升到了66％.     

解析塔重沸器腐蚀原因及对策

分析了由于原油性质劣质化、原油中硫含量增加使设备腐蚀加剧,造成解析塔底重沸器出现内漏,致使装置凝结水中带油的原因,提出了相应对策。采取对策后,对凝结水系统中的油进行回收,消除了装置隐患并有效地降低了加工损失。     

人造沸石的载铁改性及除去水中氟的性能

以人造沸石为载体,采用盐酸浸泡活化和氯化铁溶液浸泡改性的方法制备除氟吸附剂,用模拟高氟水样进行静态吸附及动态过柱实验.动力学研究结果表明:吸附剂吸附速度快,40 min接近吸附平衡,吸附速率可用拟二级动力学方程描述.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量为9.83 mg/g,吸附平衡常数为0.030 2 L/m...     

Ammonia removal from pretreated methane fermentation effluent through a soil trench system: a column experiment

In order to find the optimal running conditions and mechanisms of ammonia removal through a soil trench system that is designed for treating pretreated methane fermentation effluent, a soil column whose structure was similar to the soil trench system was prepared, and irrigated with wastewater below 30 °C. At the beginning, ammonia was mainly adsorbed by the soils, and the ammonia adsorption capacity of soils gradually saturated. After the 12th day, nitrification began in the soil column; the ammonia in the soil column decreased sharply, and the nitrite and nitrate peak appeared sequentially as the wastewater application rate decreased from 0.74 to 0.37 l h⁻¹. When the nitrification in the soil column reached a steady-state, 98% of all the ammonia in the influent was transformed into nitrate.

By changing the running conditions such as temperature, aeration, and wastewater application rate, it was found that the ammonia removal efficiency can be improved by aeration and impeded by low temperature. In these three variables, wastewater application rate has much greater affect on the ammonia removal efficiency; a lower wastewater application rate can increase the ammonia removal efficiency substantially because of the longer travel time.