Effects of various pretreatment methods on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate

Effects on mixed microflora to enhance biohydrogen production from corn stover hydrolysate was studied.     

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and toluene in a bioreactor: Performance and characteristics of microbial community

We investigated the correlation between performance and the bacteria community composition by H2S and toluene co-treatment. Operation of the bioreactor was divided into four stages, in which the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S were gradually increased. In Stage I, toluene was the sole target compound with an average removal e ciency of 86.49%. After adding H2S in Stage II, removal e ciency of toluene decreased immediately and recovered gradually to 85.96%. When the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S was increased in Stage III and Stage IV, respectively, the average removal e ciency for toluene increased continuously from 86.31% to 87.24%. The elimination capacities of toluene increased with increasing inlet loading rates of toluene and H2S. Results of the PCR-DGGE analysis showed a turnover growth and decline of the microbial populations in the bioreactor. In Stage I, the dominant toluene-degrading bacteria mainly contained Pseudomonas sp. strain PS+ and Hydrogenophaga sp. In Stage IV, however, the dominant toluene-degrading bacteria was aciduric bacteria (Clostridium populeti). The dominant microbial community in the bioreactor enhanced the elimination capacity of toluene, and adding H2S changed the environment of microbial growth, thus resulted in an evolution of dominant microorganisms. Analyses of microbial community and their activities provides valuable information to e ciently enhance simultaneous removal of toluene and H2S in the bioreactor.     

大宁河2010年春季水华浮游植物群落结构分析

2010年3月对大宁河发生水华现象的水质及其浮游植物进行调查监测研究,应用多样性指数、物种丰富度指数及均匀性指数对藻类多样性进行评价,研究了藻类的优势种、细胞密度及藻类的空间分布。结果表明,其水质属于中富营养型,浮游植物主要为甲藻门的拟多甲藻,绿藻门的小球藻,共鉴定出7个门31个属。在水平方向,S8点的藻密度最大;在垂直方向,各种浮游植物藻类细胞密度出现明显的分层变化,不同深度的优势种也有一定的差异;在水华期间,表层藻细胞密度最高,随着深度的增加,藻类细胞密度逐渐减小。     

太湖表层底泥中产毒蓝藻群落结构和种群丰度的时空变化

为了研究太湖底泥中产毒蓝藻群落结构和种群丰度的时空变化,分别于2010年冬季(2月)、春季(4月)和夏季(6月)采集太湖不同湖区底泥样品,应用基于mcyA基因的聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)和实时定量PCR(QPCR)技术分析底泥样品.结果表明,产毒蓝藻在太湖底泥中分布广泛,其群落结构和种群丰度存在空间和季节差异性:不同湖区间群落组成相似性系数变化范围为67%～97%;冬季、春季和夏季底泥中产毒蓝藻群落结构的香农多样性指数变化范围分别为2.774～3.392、1.649～2.619和0.681～1.996,呈逐渐下降趋势;且香农多样性指数与样品中优势基因型所占比例呈极显著负相关(p<0.01,r=-0.95);从冬季到夏季,底泥中蓝藻复苏进入水体中,产毒蓝藻种群丰度逐渐降低.底泥中产毒蓝藻群落结构和种群丰度的动态变化与温度、光照、溶解氧、电导率和pH值密切相关.     

生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析

试验研究了序批式生物膜复合系统在不同有机负荷下氮磷等营养物质的去除特性.结果表明,复合系统在COD负荷为0.35kg.kg-1.d-1(以MLSS计)时能够很好解决脱氮除磷的泥龄矛盾,TP、TN、NH4+-N去除率分别能达到96%、89%和96%,高于对照组的SBR工艺.复合系统中,悬浮污泥对硝化起主要作用,悬浮态污泥和生物膜的硝化平均贡献比为1.66;附着态生物膜对反硝化和除磷起主要作用,生物膜和悬浮态污泥的反硝化贡献比为2.19,释磷贡献比为3.5,摄磷贡献比为3.76.利用PCR-DGGE技术发现,复合系统中存在丰富的脱氮功能菌和除磷功能菌,且悬浮态与附着态微生物的相似性仅为73%,区别较大,说明两者存在一定的分工协作,与反应器的处理特性相一致.     

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.000 < 0.05) that of coastal wetland. As the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same, the higher soil microbial respiration (SMR) of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation capability. In the riverside wetland, the high soil microbial biomass, higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria, which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus, were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal wetland. There were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside wetlands. Path analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical factors. Therefore the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms, especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria, which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.     

Bacterial diversity and distribution in the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert and their correlation with soil enzyme activities

The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in desert soils is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the bacterial diversity and distribution and soil physico-chemical factors were investigated in the soil crust, the soil beneath the crust and rhizosphere soil at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced DGGE bands revealed a great diversity of bacteria. The Proteobacteria, consisting of the α, β, and γ subdivisions, were clearly the dominant group at all depths and in rhizosphere soil. Analysis of the enzyme activities indicated that the rhizosphere soil of Caragana korshinskii exhibited the highest protease and polyphenol oxidase activities, and in the soil crust there were increased activities of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and sucrase. The bacterial community abundance closely correlated with soil enzyme activities in different soils. The presence of Cyanobacteria correlated with significant increases in protease, catalase and sucrase in the soil crust, and increased urease in the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia ordosica. The occurrence of Acidobacteria was associated with significant increases in urease, dehydrogenase, and sucrase in the rhizosphere soil of C. korshinski. The presence of γ-Proteobacteria correlated with a significant increase in polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil of A. ordosica. The study indicated a close relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil enzymes, suggesting the necessity of further investigations into bacterial function in this desert ecosystem.     

氮磷胁迫下藻-菌群落的变化研究

近年来,由于水体富营养化而导致的蓝藻水华在我国太湖与滇池等淡水湖泊频繁爆发,已成为严重的环境问题,而氮、磷则是引起水体富营养化的重要营养因子。文章通过藻细胞计数、细菌群落的DGGE监测,以及典型对应CCA分析,系统研究了不同的氮磷浓度、N/P比对藻-菌群落结构的影响及其相互关系。结果表明,氮磷浓度和N/P比均会影响藻类生长,其中,氮磷浓度较N/P比对藻类生物量的影响更大;N/P=12为藻类生长的最适条件,氮限制(N/P=3)和磷限制(N/P=48)均会抑制藻类生长;添加外源氮磷可促进细菌的生长,提高其多样性,但随着N/P比的提高,其种群多样性呈逐渐下降趋势;细菌群落主要由β-proteobacteria类细菌组成,其次是α-proteobacteria,然后是Bacteroidetes和γ-proteobacteria。与氮、磷营养盐相比,藻类群落对细菌群落的影响更大。     

饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍研究

研究了大规模的城市饮用水源人工湿地运行初期水生植物繁衍特性和改进措施.建立了嘉兴市石臼漾生态湿地水生维管束植物名录,分析了水生植物的种类、分布面积、群落结构和生物量,目的旨在揭示石臼漾湿地运行初期其水生植物繁衍情况和群落结构特征,探讨水生植被的优化管理措施.石臼漾湿地现存水生维管束植物共计25科41属49种,远超过初始...     

Cd对欧美杂交杨生长紫色土和冲积土微生物多样性的影响

研究了现实环境中cd污染水平对长江流域典型土壤微生物多样性的影响,分析了现实Cd浓度胁迫对盆栽欧美杂交杨（Populus deltoides×Populus nigra）生长的紫色土和冲积土中可培养的微生物数量、生物量和细菌群落多样性的影响．结果表明,cd处理显著增加了栽植杨树的紫色土中可培养细菌和放线菌数量,降低了可...