江西省主要城市空气质量预报研究

对建立江西省各主要城市的空气洁净指数及空气污染指数预报模式进行了探讨，并将试验期间预报结果和所属区域空气污染程度进行比较，结果表明，该模式用于各省各主要城市空气洁净指数及空气污染指数预报是可行的。     

Prevention of debris flow disasters on Chengdu-Kunming Railway

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｅｎｇｄｕ ＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＲａｉｌｗａｙＬｉｎｅｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ .Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｌｏｔｏｆｄｅｂｒｉｓｆｌｏｗｇｕｌｌｉｅｓｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇｂｅｓｉｄｅｔｈｉｓｒａｉｌｗａｙｌｉｎｅ .Ｏｎｓｕｍｍｅｒ,ｔｈｅｄｅｂｒｉｓｆｌｏｗｏｆｔｅｎｂｕｒｓｔｓａｎｄｔｈｒｅａｔｅｎｓｔｈｅｓａｆｅｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｒａｉｌｗａｙｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ.Ｉｎ 1981,ａｌａｒｇｅ ｓｃａｌｅｄｅｂｒｉｓ…     

地勘单位安全工作现状及强化安全管理对策和安全管理工作思考

本文针对目前地勘单元安全工作的现状，提出强化安全管理的对策，并结合当前国内安全生产的严峻形势，对安全管理工作进行了思考。     

利用浮游动物评价滇池的污染状况

应用Sanders氏稀疏曲线法及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数法对滇池不同水域浮游动物种类和数量进行分析,结合指示种的分布情况分析结果表明,①滇池草海和外海的污染状况有明显的不同,草海处于α中污染阶段,外海处于β中污染阶段;②滇池污染的梯度变化:新河>楼外楼>草海中>灰湾>大河尾>观音山中;③草海正趋向于池沼泽化。     

基于RS和GIS的生态环境状况时空变化研究--以河南省为例

生态环境状况评价是资源合理利用、制定社会经济发展规划及生态环境保护对策的重要依据。现以河南省行政区为研究区域,基于遥感影像、水资源及环境统计数据,采用生态环境状况指数(EI)和空间格局分析方法,综合对比分析河南省2014—2018年生态环境状况时空变化及其冷热点空间分布。研究结果表明:(1)2014—2018年河南省EI值变化范围为60.6~63.5,生态环境状况整体呈现稳中趋好态势,除开封市和济源市外,16个省辖市的EI值均有所增加,位于西部山区丘陵地带的三门峡、洛阳和平顶山市EI值增加明显。(2)2014—2018年河南省生态环境的G*i指数的高值区域位于西部地区的三门峡市和洛阳市,且5年内没有发生变化,较为稳定。G*i指数的高、低值区域与EI值的高值和低值区表现出较高的一致性。     

外源废水输入对福州东湖湿地水体污染元素浓度和分布特征的影响

滨海湿地作为一种特殊的湿地类型,对人类活动和环境污染响应十分敏感。近年来,外源废水输入导致滨海湿地水体污染严重,对生态环境和人类健康产生威胁。该研究以福州东湖湿地为研究对象,分析上游径流、生活污水、工业废水、养殖塘废水、退塘还湿以及天然湿地等外源水输入对福州东湖水体Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb和Mn浓度及分布特征的影响,并对养殖塘水体与沉积物中污染元素浓度进行分析和生态风险评估。研究结果表明,福州东湖湿地水体中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Mn的质量浓度分别为(0.50±0.20)、(3.87±1.54)、(34.48±1.71)、(4.72±0.48)、(0.77±0.38)、(151.96±58.81)μg/L,各污染元素浓度符合地表水Ⅱ类水标准。工业废水和养殖塘废水输入是福州东湖水体中污染元素的主要来源,其中工业废水的Mn浓度、养殖塘废水的Cr、Cu、Pb和Mn浓度较高。由于养殖饵料与消毒剂的添加,部分养殖塘沉积物Cr和Mn存在轻度或偏中度污染,呈现轻度生态风险。为防止水质进一步恶化,应改良工业废水处理设施,优化农业养殖模式,控制周边地区污染源。     

Water Quality Evaluation and Trend Analysis in Selected Watersheds of the Atlantic Region of Canada

Water quality indices (WQIs) have been developed to assess the suitability of water for a variety of uses. These indices reflect the status of water quality in lakes, streams, rivers, and reservoirs. The concept of WQIs is based on a comparison of the concentration of contaminants with the respective environmental standards. The number, frequency, and magnitude by which the environmental standards for specific variables are not met in a given time period are reflected in WQIs. Further, the water quality trend analysis predicts the behavior of the water quality parameters and overall water quality in the time domain. In this paper, the concept of WQI was applied to three selected watersheds of Atlantic region: the Mersey River, the Point Wolfe River, and the Dunk River sites. To have robust study, two different water quality indices are used: Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI), and British Columbia Water Quality Index (BWQI). The complete study was conducted in two steps. The first step was to organize and process the data into a format compatible with WQI analysis. After processing the input data, the WQI was calculated. The second step outlined in the paper discusses detailed trend analysis using linear and quadratic models for all the three sites. As per the 25 years trend analysis, overall water quality for agriculture use observed an improving trend at all the three sites studied. Water quality for raw water used for drinking (prior to treatment) and aquatic uses has shown improving trend at Point Wolfe River. It is further observed that pH, SO₄, and NO₃ concentrations are improving at Dunk River, Mersey River, and Point Wolfe River sites. To ascertain the reliability and significance of the trend analysis, a detailed error analysis and parametric significance tests were also conducted It was observed that for most of the sites and water uses quadratic trend models were a better fit than the linear models.     

Using environmental stressor information to predict the ecological status of Maryland non-tidal streams as measured by biological indicators

In Maryland, U.S., an interim framework has recentlybeen developed for using biologically based thresholds, or `biocriteria', to assess the health of nontidal streams statewide at watershed scales. The evaluation of impairment is based on indices of biological integrity from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS). We applied logistic regression to quantify how the biotic integrity of streams at a local scale is affected by cumulative effects resulting from catchment land uses, point sources, and nearby transmission line rights-of-way. Indicators for land use were developed from the remote sensing National Land Cover Data and applied at different scales. We determined that the risk of local impairment in nontidal streams rapidly increases with increased urban land use in the catchment area. The average likelihood of failing biocriteria doubled with every 10% points increment in urban land, thus an increase in urban land use from 0 to 20% quadruples the risk of impairment. For the basins evaluated in this study, catchments with more than 40–50% urban land use had greater than 80% probability of failing biocriteria, on average. Inclusion of rights-of-way and point sources in the model did not significantly improve the fit for this data set, most likely because of their low numbers. The overall results indicate that our predictive modeling approach can help pinpoint stream ecosystems experiencing or vulnerable to degradation.     

新疆生态环境质量综合评价研究

合适的评价指标体系对正确评价区域的生态环境质量起关键的决定性作用。本文综合前人的研究成果，应用RS和GIS技术，采用综合指数评价法，对全疆区域的生态环境质量进行评价、排序及分级，由此得出符合实际的全疆生态环境质量状况。结果表明，全疆生态环境质量总体较差，北疆生态环境质量优于南疆，北疆西部生态环境质量优于北疆东部地区。     

大气环境质量模糊评价的可视化实现

以模糊聚类法为算法基础,运用计算机可视化技术,进行大气环境质量评价初步探索。计算机技术在环境评价中的应用,可以方便数据处理和资源共享。选用武汉市大气环境监测资料,应用该方法评价和分析武汉市大气环境质量,取得了令人满意的结果。