Between municipal and regional planning: the development of regional district heating systems in Stockholm from 1978 to 2010

District heating (DH) is an important part of the Swedish energy system and one of the most important climate measures at the municipal level. The Swedish planning system gives a large amount of power to municipalities, thus leaving the regional level weak. Despite this, the DH systems in Stockholm have developed into regional systems; how has this development occurred and what made it possible? Regional and municipal strategies concerning DH and energy from 1978 to 2010 have been studied through Regional plans and comprehensive plans. The conclusions show that the municipal DH systems have grown and become interconnected, thus fulfilling one of the most important regional strategies: to expand and interconnect the systems to be able to build combined heat and power plants. This is not entirely due to the regional strategies, however; the local importance of the system, economic reasons and supply security are other explanations. The study shows that regional importance generally has grown, and thus also the regional focus on DH. As environmental and climate issues have risen on the agenda, the importance of DH from the municipal perspective has become more evident, as well as a shift from supply orientation to more focus on energy efficiency.     

Planning process influences on sustainability in Ohio township plans

This study examines planning process influences on plan sustainability scores for 46 township plans in Central Ohio, in the Midwestern Region of the United States. Townships face many similar development challenges as exurban communities along with cultures and economies which straddle urban and rural perspectives. The empirical analysis shows that participation breadth is positively related to sustainability scores, while the use of the sustainability concept in the planning process is negatively related to sustainability scores. Based on the findings, we suggest that communities preparing a comprehensive plan should encourage participation by a variety of groups in the planning process. Future research should examine the manner in which the sustainability concept is incorporated into the planning process to better assess its influence.     

失效磷酸基化学抛光液的再生

采用氟铝酸钠沉淀法去除失效磷酸基化学抛光液中的铝杂质,并对溶液再生利用的工艺条件进行了研究.实验结果表明,在氢氧化钠和氢氟酸加入量与理论值的比均为1.2(即n(氢氧化钠):n(Al~(3+)):2:1、n(氢氟酸):n(Al~(3+))=28:5)的条件下,采用二步法过滤后,抛光液中磷酸质量分数大于50%,磷酸回收率为79.5%,Al~(3+)去除率为97.1%,剩余Al~(3+)质量分数为0.05%.滤渣经处理后成为新的有价物质,滤液在补加磷酸和其他有效成分后可再生循环使用.     

基于多方法优化的行业优控污染物清单筛选技术研究及应用

针对优控污染物筛选技术缺乏行业层面的研究以及筛选技术不完善的问题,基于清洁生产全过程管控理念,在以往对于行业优控污染物清单筛选技术研究基础上,将综合评价法、Hasse图解法和层次分析法综合起来进行分析评价,形成一种矢量分析与标量分析相结合的综合筛选技术。并将该筛选技术在常州市印刷电路板（PCB）行业开展应用。结果表明：经过全流程调查和气相色谱-质谱联用仪90%匹配度下的水样检测分析结果,得到常州市PCB行业特征污染物清单中共含172种物质;PCB行业优控污染物清单中共含有30种物质,包括卤代烃3种、苯系物9种、酯类3种、醛类1种、醇类5种、酮类2种、金属离子5种、盐类1种、其他1种。提出的综合筛选技术可作为行业优控污染物筛选方法,能够更加科学有效地得出常州市PCB行业优控污染物清单。

     

关于影响易损性分析结果的区域因素研究——以福建为例

以福建省震害快速评估系统为依托,以分析处理现场实际调查数据为基础,提出了主要影响易损性分析结果的四个区域因素及其影响指数值、区域综合指数值,提供了各分区的划分依据、各分区影响指数值的评定标准以及区域综合指数值的计算方法,为合理应用不同地区之间的易损性矩阵或易损性曲线提供了参考依据。     

我国钢铁工业废水治理及其发展趋势

我国水资源人均拥有量仅为世界人均拥有量的四分之一，而且降水在时空分布上很不均衡。这一现实，决定了节省水资源，保护水环境是我国一项长期的战略任务。文章概要地叙述了钢铁工业废水治理及其发展过程。作者认为，要从根本上解决钢铁工业废水对水环境的污染与破坏，必须采取综合防治措施，并把整套循环用水技术引入生产工艺过程，使废水与污染物都作为资源加以回收，并实现循环利用。上述过程的实质，是模拟大自然生物圈循环运行     

广州市生活垃圾的综合处理与利用探讨

分析了广州市现行垃圾处理方式存在的主要问题,并结合广州市垃圾的产出特点,就如何实现该市生活垃圾的综合处理,尤其是资源化利用作了探讨。     

我国农作物秸秆资源的利用现状与前景

我国农作物秸秆资源丰富，年产量达６亿ｔ。传统上，秸秆被作为农户生产燃料或用于牲畜的粗饲料，少量用于造纸。近年来，由于农户生活用燃料锐减，腐熟还田量少，而田间直接焚烧量大，导致大气严重污染。作者在分析秸秆资源综合利用前景的基础上，提出应用先进的就地还田和快速腐熟技术促进农业的持续发展。     

贵州蒲桃的营养成份与资源的综合利用

本文首次对亚热带水果蒲桃的果实营养成份进行了系统的分析，发现其营养全面丰富，ＶＢ１和ＶＢ２含量是普通水果含量的４～２４倍和３～１０倍，人体必需矿物质营养元素钙、磷、镁、锌的含量也超过一般水果的含量，其综合营养价值较高。目前蒲桃资源的利用主要作为家庭用果和作绿化树种，应尽快开展蒲桃综合利用的研究，开发蒲桃资源。     

城市公园湖泊污染治理实践

城市公园湖泊水体保护和水污染治理越来越受到人们的重视。公园内水体往往补充水源不足,自净能力脆弱,当受到污染,湖水会变黑发臭,破坏公园美景。深圳市东湖公园人工湖污染治理过程中结合了水利防洪、环境保护、园林绿化等措施进行综合治理,通过截污、清淤、补充水、湖泊堤岸及拦水橡胶坝的恢复等措施,使湖泊水质得到彻底改善。合理的设计使人工湖具有滞洪防洪功能,还可对公园内地下水起到调节和补充作用,清澈的湖水又使人工湖成为公园内秀丽的景点。该项目为城市公园湖泊污染综合治理进行了一次探索和实践。