某矿区典型井巷支护体检测及数值模拟分析

为了评估某矿区井下不良地质环境对井巷支护体混凝土强度的影响,了解现役井巷支护结构的实际性能,有针对性地选择了11个典型单体项目,采用非破损检测方法——钻芯取样法,对其支护体混凝土强度进行了取样、检测及评定工作。检测结果表明,支护体混凝土实际强度普遍低于设计强度等级。在检测结果的基础上,进一步采用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对其中的一立井主井井筒和一井底车场平巷支护结构的实际性能分别进行初步的数值模拟分析。数值模拟结果表明,所检测的单体项目井巷支护体混凝土强度可基本满足矿山生产要求。     

大型海洋平台基础结构有限元分析

某大型海洋平台基础采用平台板 桩基础组合形式,承台面为椭圆形,台面尺寸为147.6m×99.0 m,平台板为混凝土板和钢梁组成的叠合梁板结构.该工程地处世界三大强潮海湾之一,所受荷载与当地地质条件均较复杂.介绍了应用有限元对其进行结构分析的实施方法及过程,采用弹性抗力法考虑了桩-土共同作用,重点探讨了钢梁加混凝土厚板组成的叠合梁的有限元模拟方法.通过对比分析,提出了计算结果精度高、可操作性强的叠合梁有限元模拟方案.有限元分析结果表明,该平台钢管混凝土桩与钢梁均满足材料强度要求,但在施工阶段,桩内存在拉力.     

现役钢筋混凝土受弯构件残余承载力计算模型

本文基于钢筋混凝土结构理论及锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的力学性能的变化规律,建立了钢筋混凝土构件残余承载力的计算模型,并通过实验验证了计算模型的有效性.模型的物理概念明确、简单实用,可供现役混凝土结构的耐久性评估及维修决策参考.     

钢管混凝土柱耐火性能和抗火设计的特点

简要论述了按ISO－834和GS9978－88规定的标准升温曲线升温作用下钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的特点,分析了影响钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的因素,说明了由于钢管和混凝土的共同工作且核心混凝土具有较好的吸热性能,从而使钢管混凝土柱具有较好的耐火性能。在进行钢管钢混凝土柱的抗火设计时,柱子外围只需进行适当的防火涂料保护,即可达到《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》对柱结构所要求的耐火极限。《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》中对钢结构柱防火保护层厚度的确定方法不适合于钢管混凝土。     

Leaching assessment of concrete made of recycled coarse aggregate: Physical and environmental characterisation of aggregates and hardened concrete

Each year, millions of tonnes of waste are generated worldwide, partially through the construction and demolition of buildings. Recycling the resulting waste could reduce the amount of materials that need to be manufactured. Accordingly, the present work has analysed the potential reuse of construction waste in concrete manufacturing by replacing the natural aggregate with recycled concrete coarse aggregate.However, incorporating alternative materials in concrete manufacturing may increase the pollutant potential of the product, presenting an environmental risk via ground water contamination.The present work has tested two types of concrete batches that were manufactured with different replacement percentages. The experimental procedure analyses not only the effect of the portion of recycled aggregate on the physical properties of concrete but also on the leaching behaviour as indicative of the contamination degree. Thus, parameters such as slump, density, porosity and absorption of hardened concrete, were studied. Leaching behaviour was evaluated based on the availability test performed to three aggregates (raw materials of the concrete batches) and on the diffusion test performed to all concrete.From an environmental point of view, the question of whether the cumulative amount of heavy metals that are released by diffusion reaches the availability threshold was answered. The analysis of concentration levels allowed the establishment of different groups of metals according to the observed behaviour, the analysis of the role of pH and the identification of the main release mechanisms. Finally, through a statistical analysis, physical parameters and diffusion data were interrelated. It allowed estimating the relevance of porosity, density and absorption of hardened concrete on diffusion release of the metals in study.     

Effect of acid solutions on plants studied by the optical beam deflection method

The optical beam deflection method was applied to study the effects of acid solution on both a terrestial and aquatic plants Egeria and Cerastium, which are common aquatic plant and terrestial weed respectively. A probe beam from a He-Ne laser was passed through a vicinity of a leaf of the plants, which were put in culture dishes filled with acid solutions. Deflection signals of the probe beam were monitored and compared for acid solutions with different pH values. The results of Egria showed that the deflection signals changed dramatically when pH values of acid solutions were 2.0 and 3.0, while little at pH of 4.0 and 5.0. For Cerastium when pH were below 3.0, deflection signals changed greatly with time at the begining. After a certain period of time, deflection signals changed little with time. When pH value was above 4.0, deflection signals of Cerastium were still changing with time even after 20 hours. The results suggested that the damage threshold of pH was between 3.0 and 4.0 for both the land and aquatic plants.     

废弃混凝土中钙离子的提取实验研究

废弃混凝土间接碳酸化封存CO2的重要一步是将Ca2+从混凝土中提取出来。论文对废弃混凝土中Ca2+的提取进行了研究,主要考察了提取溶剂、混凝土粒径、温度和固液比等对Ca2+提取过程的影响。对不同的提取溶剂进行了比较,发现HNO3作为溶剂时Ca2+提取率最高,其次为CH3COOH、HCOOH和H2SO4。减小混凝土粒径可有效提高Ca2+提取率。对粒径小于0.15 mm的混凝土,Ca2+提取率随温度升高而增大,其最佳固液比为40 g/L。粒径大于0.25 mm时,最佳固液比为20 g/L,温度的影响明显减弱。将Ca2+提取实验结果与XRD、SEM表征结合,发现废弃混凝土提取过程中SiO2惰性层的出现是限制Ca2+提取率进一步提高的重要原因。     

铁路连续梁桥减隔震设计方案研究

为了对铁路连续梁桥减隔震设计方案进行对比研究,基于通用有限元软件SAP2000,以某三跨铁路连续梁桥为例,建立该桥的全桥有限元模型。对该桥采用铅芯橡胶支座进行减隔震设计,在7条典型地震波激励下对2种设计方案的减隔震效果进行计算分析,并将2种方案的结果进行比较。结果表明,2种隔震方案都能取得较好的隔震效果,但全桥隔震时制动墩地震响应隔震率优于制动墩隔震,且全桥隔震时梁体位移小于制动墩隔震。对铁路连续梁桥进行全桥减隔震设计,可以在较小梁体位移的前提下得到较好的隔震率,更有利于桥梁上部结构的安全。     

足尺钢桁架连梁恢复力模型试验研究

对4个足尺的钢桁架连梁模型进行了低周反复荷载试验,研究了结构的破坏形态、滞回性能。利用试验数据进行回归分析,建立了骨架曲线恢复力模型;对滞回曲线进行了分析,研究了连梁的刚度退化规律,建立了循环荷载作用下结构的恢复力模型。模型和试验曲线较为吻合,可用于结构的弹塑性分析。     

RPC200人行道板抗弯承载力试验研究

笔者对铁路桥梁用空心无配筋活性粉末混凝土人行道板进行了抗弯试验研究 ,探讨了其受力变形性能。分析表明 :活性粉末混凝土人行道板的安全系数均大于 2 ,满足承载能力要求 ;位移延性系数均大于 3.5 ,具有良好的延性性能 ,破坏形式属于延性破坏。该类人行道板的成果已通过铁道部专家的鉴定 ,拟用于青藏铁路桥梁实际工程中。