Leachability of dissolved chromium in asphalt and concrete surfacing materials

Leachate metal pollutant concentrations produced from different asphalt and concrete pavement surfacing materials were measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that, in general, the concentrations of most metal pollutants were below the reporting limits. However, dissolved chromium was detected in leachate from concrete (but not asphalt) specimens and more strongly in the early-time leachate samples. As the leaching continued, the concentration of Cr decreased to below or close to the reporting limit. The source of the chromium in concrete pavement was found to be cement. The concentration of total Cr produced from leachate of different cement coming from different sources that was purchased from retail distributors ranged from 124 to 641 μg/L. This result indicates that the potential leachability of dissolved Cr from concrete pavement materials can be reduced through source control. The results also showed that the leachability of dissolved Cr in hardened pavement materials was substantially reduced. For example, the concentration of dissolved Cr measured in actual highway runoff was found to be much lower than the Cr concentration produced from leachate of both open and dense graded concrete pavement specimens under controlled laboratory study. It was concluded that pavement materials are not the source of pollutants of concern in roadway runoff; rather most pollutants in roadway surface runoff are generated from other road-use or land-use sources, or from (wet or dry) atmospheric deposition.     

一种Timoshenko裂纹梁的静力挠度分析方法

建立了一种Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型并且获得了闭合形式的挠度解析解。首先,在一致梁的理论框架下,通过引入δ函数模拟裂纹导致的局部柔度,建立用广义函数表示的Timoshenko裂纹梁的微分控制方程,进而得到挠度的闭合形式的解答;其次,根据线弹性断裂力学理论,利用转角及挠度突变与局部柔度系数的关系,建立Timoshenko裂纹梁的模型参数与裂纹深度的显式表示;最后,通过对裂纹深度与挠度、转角和曲率间关系的分析,总结了结构响应的损伤敏感性及其特征,并且通过与引入裂纹奇异单元的有限元结果进行比较,验证了本文所建分析模型及求解方法的正确性。研究结果表明,本文所建立的Timoshenko裂纹梁的分析模型,具有较高的计算精度和效率,在结构模型修正和损伤识别中具有良好的应用前景。     

应变率效应对钢筋混凝土柱的影响

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,引入了应变率的影响,对规范给出的混凝土应力—应变关系表达式进行了修正;针对只考虑混凝土的动态特性和既考虑混凝土的动态特性、也考虑钢筋的动态特性这两种情况,利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土柱的动态特性进行了数值分析。结果表明,混凝土的动态特性对于大偏心柱的承载力影响很小,但对于小偏心柱的极限承载力影响显著;钢筋的动态特性对大、小偏心柱的极限弯矩和极限曲率都有明显的影响。本文还分析了柱的极限弯矩、极限曲率和极限轴力随偏心距变化的规律。     

不同受火方式下混凝土框架结构的变形研究

针对单层框架和三层框架,通过高温数值分析,初步考察了不同受火方式下结构的变形特征。研究发现:①火灾蔓延对结构高温变形影响较大,此时节点的水平位移总体上小于结构全层/全部受火时的相应结果;②受火区间仅对相邻跨或相邻层有一定影响,而对隔跨或隔层影响相对较小;③非对称局部受火情况下,单层框架边节点的水平位移可能比全层受火时更大。     

老山隧道的防水重点和薄弱环节及工程对策

隧道渗水是隧道开挖过程中普遍面临的问题。老山隧道位于碳酸盐岩山区,该地区水文地质条件复杂、生态环境脆弱敏感,确定防治水的重点及对策是工程中面临的重要课题。本文结合老山隧道工程,在地质调查、隧道涌水观测与防治水现场试验的基础上,对老山地区的水文地质及地下水循环特征,特别是断裂控水规律作了深入研究,提出了碳酸盐岩地层富水性断裂的工程分类与防控对策;分析了结构防水的薄弱环节之成因,并提出了相应的工程对策。     

一种解决线型光束感烟火灾探测器环境光干扰问题的方法

针对常规的线型光束感烟火灾探测器抗环境光干扰能力较差,在白炽灯、氙灯以及太阳光等干扰下易误报或丧失火灾探测能力的问题,采取了一系列软硬件有效技术改进措施,经实验和示范工程验证,克服了环境光干扰对线型光束感烟火灾探测器的影响.     

掺固硫灰AC-13型沥青混合料配合比设计

固硫灰是循环流化床锅炉燃煤固硫产生的废弃物,具有自硬性、火山灰活性和膨胀性等特性,若以其替代矿粉制备沥青混合料并用于道路工程建设中,将有望为固硫灰处理处置提供新途径。选用固硫灰做填料等量替代普通矿粉,通过马歇尔实验研究固硫灰不同替代量(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)对AC-13型沥青混合料性能的影响,并对机理进行了分析。结果表明,掺固硫灰沥青混合料在一定油石比范围内均能满足现行规范要求,与普通矿粉沥青混合料相比,掺固硫灰沥青混合料水稳定性良好,压实度相同时,掺固硫灰沥青混合料具有更好的抗车辙性。     

Use of wastes derived from earthquakes for the production of concrete masonry partition wall blocks

Utilization of construction and demolition (C&D) wastes as recycled aggregates in the production of concrete and concrete products have attracted much attention in recent years. However, the presence of large quantities of crushed clay brick in some the C&D waste streams (e.g. waste derived collapsed masonry buildings after an earthquake) renders the recycled aggregates unsuitable for high grade use. One possibility is to make use of the low grade recycled aggregates for concrete block production. In this paper, we report the results of a comprehensive study to assess the feasibility of using crushed clay brick as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete masonry block production. The effects of the content of crushed coarse and fine clay brick aggregates (CBA) on the mechanical properties of non-structural concrete block were quantified. From the experimental test results, it was observed that incorporating the crushed clay brick aggregates had a significant influence on the properties of blocks. The hardened density and drying shrinkage of the block specimens decreased with an increase in CBA content. The use of CBA increased the water absorption of block specimens. The results suggested that the amount of crushed clay brick to be used in concrete masonry blocks should be controlled at less than 25% (coarse aggregate) and within 50-75% for fine aggregates.     

Radiolysis of aqueous 4-nitrophenol solution with Al2O3 or TiO2 nanoparticles

Aqueous 4-nitrophenol solutions containing TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were irradiated with electron beam. 4-nitrophenol was decomposed by the ionizing radiation process in the absence of the nanoparticles. The addition of TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ (2 g l⁻¹) before irradiation improved the removal of 4-nitrophenol, total organic carbon (TOC) but also nitrogen (TN). To identify the origin of the loss (catalysis or simply adsorption), TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were added after irradiation. Experiments show that the effect of the presence of TiO₂ or Al₂O₃ during irradiation is just due to adsorption.     

深入调查研究 把握主要矛盾 努力开创防震减灾工作新局面

在“九五”期间 ,江苏省地震局深入调查研究 ,把握主要矛盾 ,深化各项改革 ,狠抓实事实办 ,强化政府行政职能 ,加强宣传力度 ,加强地方地震机构建设 ,注重规划和计划的制订与实施 ,不断理顺拨款渠道 ,健全地方财政对地震事业投入的预算体制 ,健全行政规章、规范管理行为 ,加强法规建设、强化法制管理。经努力 ,各项工作取得了明显成效 ,1 996～ 1 999年 ,全局各类经费总来源为前 4年的 3 1倍 ;地震监测系统的数字化、通讯系统的计算机网络化、分析预报系统的应急决策指挥系统现代化建设取得明显进展。地震监测预报工作为保障全省经济建设顺利进行 ,维护社会稳定作出重要贡献。全局职工的住房得到明显改善 ,4年中在宁职工人均增加住房面积约 2 0m2 。人均总收入也较从前有大幅度提高。新建园艺绿地面积约 4 0 0 0m2 。工作体会主要是 ,领导班子同心协力是搞好工作的关键 ,广大职工的积极性是搞好工作的基础 ,各级领导坚持“两手抓”是搞好工作的根本 ,领导干部始终不懈地讲学习、讲政治、讲正气是搞好工作的前提