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991.
James G. Titus 《Environmental management》1991,15(1):39-58
Climatologists generally expect an anthropogenic global warming that could raise sea level 30–150 cm in the next century and
more thereafter. One of the impacts would be the loss of coastal wetlands. Although the inundation of adjacent dryland would
enable new wetlands to form, much of this land is or will soon be developed. If developed areas are protected, wetlands will
be squeezed between an advancing sea and the land being protected, which has already happened in China and the Netherlands,
where people have built dikes for centuries.
Unlike those countries, the United States has enough land to accommodate the landward migration of wetlands; but governments
lack the funds to purchase all the coastal lowlands that might be inundated and the legal authority to prohibit their development.
We propose a third approach: allowing property owners to use coastal lowlands today as they choose, but setting up a legal
mechanism to ensure that the land is abandoned if and when sea level rises enough to inundate it. Although compensation may
be required, this approach would cost less than 1% as much as purchasing the land, and would be (1) economically efficient
by enabling real estate markets to incorporate expectations of future sea level rise; (2) constitutional by compensating property
owners; and (3) politically feasible by pleasing people who care about the long-term fate of the coastal environment without
disturbing people who either are unconcerned about the distant future or do not believe sea level will rise.
This article demonstrates that it would be irrational to delay policy formulation until sea level rise projections are more
precise. The cost will be small if we act now but great if we wait, and sea level is already rising along most coasts. The
US government should develop a strategy in the next three years.
The opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. 相似文献
992.
O. W. R. Lucas 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1983,26(2):98-104
The value placed by the public on the nation's rural landscapes is emphasised by vociferous criticism of insensitive, large‐scale afforestation. As forestry causes massive changes in the landscape in the short term, with results that last for decades, the opportunity provided to improve and conserve should be positively grasped. There is evidence that concensus exists over a considerable part of landscape and design, and this paper explores some of the major factors in landscape design which are consistently important in forest landscapes. 相似文献
993.
Policy windows are transitory opportunities during which the likelihood of adopting new policy or legislative proposals is
greater than usual. Accepted wisdom has held that natural disasters serve as focusing events that generate policy windows
in their wake. This paper highlights the need for a more circumscribed understanding of when and where policy windows occur
based on the experiences of three US regional planning organizations: a hand-picked commission of community leaders, a council
of governments, and a special-purpose substate organization. The first operated in the San Francisco Bay Area of California
following the Loma Prieta earthquake (October 1989), and the other two in South Carolina's Atlantic coastal plain after Hurricane
Hugo (September 1989). The analysis concludes that natural disasters did not transform the agenda or mission of these entities.
Policy windows were neither automatic outcomes of focusing events nor did they ensure the adoption of pertinent policy within
the organizations investigated. Several conditions are minimally necessary for using policy windows to bring about hazard
mitigation: comprehensive institutional conceptualization of hazards management, institutional strength and flexibility, and
well-placed, effective policy entrepreneurs. 相似文献
994.
将环境保护计划纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,这在我国尚属首次。本文从法律依据,指导原则、指标体系、编制方法,支持系统等方面,探讨环境保护年度汁划管理中的若干问题。 相似文献
995.
996.
WaterpollutioncontrolplanningfortheTaiziRiverwatershed¥JiangWeigong;SunHong(BenxiEnvironmentalMonitoringStation,LiaoningProvi... 相似文献
997.
“异龙湖流域环境保护与总体规划”对经过预选的拟议措施进行基于决策支持系统的多目标参与评价分析,依据多目标参与评价的综合指数进行排序,优选总体规划的实施措施清单,最后,利用决策支持系统进行最终选定措施对异龙湖水质改善效果进行分析。 相似文献
998.
区域开发环境影响评价与区域环境规划 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
论述了区域开发环境影响评价与区域环境规划的概念、基本原则,提出了工作程序并对主要部分进行了分析。 相似文献
999.
In this paper, a mathematical programming-based methodology is presented for the explicit inclusion of life cycle assessment (LCA) criteria as part of the strategic investment decisions related to the design and planning of supply chain networks. By considering the multiple environmental concerns together with the traditional economic criteria, the planning task is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. Over a long-range planning horizon, the methodology utilizes mixed integer modelling techniques to address strategic decisions involving the selection, allocation and capacity expansion of processing technologies and assignment of transportation links required to satisfy the demands at the markets. At the operational level, optimal production profiles and flows of material between various components within the supply chain are determined. As such, the formulation presented here combines the elements of the classical plant location and capacity expansion problems with the principles of LCA to develop a quantitative decision-support tool for environmentally conscious strategic investment planning. 相似文献
1000.
潞安矿业集团公司土地复垦规划综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综合论述了潞安矿业集团公司的土地复垦规划,其主要内容有土地破坏现状和预测,适宜性评价,复垦方案,复垦费用以及实施效果等。 相似文献