基于主成分回归的整合模型预测重金属混合物毒性

为解决CA和IA模型预测结果共线性的问题,基于主成分回归改进已有整合加和模型ICIM,建立新的混合物整合模型（PCR-IAM）,并预测加和、协同和拮抗相互作用的重金属混合物联合毒性.以混合物实验浓度为因变量,浓度加和与独立作用预测混合物效应浓度的主成分回归为自变量,建立了PCR-IAM模型.以4个二元混合物体系（Ni-Fe、Ni-Pb、Ni-Cd和Ni-Cr）共20条混合物射线的联合毒性（共240个样本点）验证PCR-IAM模型的预测能力.结果表明,所有二元混合物的PCR-IAM模型的决定系数（R²）和留一法（LOO）交叉验证相关系数（Q²）值均大于0.95,表明PCR-IAM模型能够准确预测20条加和效应、协同和拮抗作用混合物的联合毒性.因此,经验数学模型PCR-IAM模型可以准确预测加和效应、协同和拮抗作用混合物毒性,为构建更合理的整合模型及环境混合污染物的风险评估提供可靠的技术手段.     

7A52铝合金等离子弧焊接头盐雾腐蚀行为研究

目的研究7A52装甲铝合金等离子弧焊接接头耐海洋大气环境的腐蚀特征和规律。方法通过盐雾加速腐蚀试验进行腐蚀评估,并在腐蚀后利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察腐蚀产物微观形貌,并分析腐蚀时间对腐蚀性能的影响,通过能谱(EDS)分析腐蚀产物的元素组成。结果 7A52铝合金焊接接头盐雾腐蚀初期(8 h)热影响区首先出现点蚀,随着腐蚀时间延长(12 h),母材和焊缝发生点蚀,热影响区腐蚀产物层氧的含量最多。结论 7A52装甲铝合金等离子弧焊接接头处热影响区是腐蚀敏感区,热影响区比焊缝区和母材区耐蚀性稍差。     

内接头锻件成形工艺分析与模具设计

提出了采用预成形和正反挤成形生产内接头新工艺 ,通过有限元模拟和分析确定了合理的预制坯形状和尺寸 ,设计了内接头预成形和正反挤成形模具。     

Joint toxicity of methamidophos and cadmium acting on Abelmoschus manihot

IntroductionNowadays, more and more ornamentals are being usedin families, parks, roads and other public sites with theimprovement of people’s living levels and changes in the citylife style (Wei, 2004; Zhou, 2004). At the same time,increas…     

土壤环境中重金属元素的相互作用及其对吸持特性的影响

本文用正交试验法研究了Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn、As五种元素复合作用时土壤颗粒的吸附解吸特性.结果表明:供试元素的吸附过程均符合Langmiur方程,其吸持能力依次为Pb>As>Cu>Zn>Cd,而最大吸附量顺序正好相反.Cd,As为复合污染的主要因子,同时还显著地影响其它元素的吸附解吸过程.土壤对重金属元素的吸附和解吸量不仅与平衡溶液中元素浓度有关,而且还明显地受共存元素及其交互作用的影响,交互作用的结果与元素间的相对浓度及其比例有关.AsO_4~(3-)的存在使Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn的吸附解吸过程变得极为复杂,这可能与产生重金属盐沉淀和次级吸附和解吸有关.     

The Climate for Joint Implementation: Case Studies from Russia,Ukraine, and Poland

Joint implementation (JI) can provide flexibility in meetingKyoto Protocol commitments, and 44 nations have already participated inthe U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change – Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ) pilot. Thispaper surveys JI policy and projects in three countries – Russia, Ukraine,and Poland – over the past five years and examines the effects of domesticinstitutions, foreign policy, and investment trends on JI in each country.The institutional and economic situation in the three nations differs greatly,and these distinctions have resulted in very different circumstances for AIJprojects, affecting both their number and scope. Poland has a well-definedset of rules and procedures for JI and its economy is quite strong. Ukrainehas not yet established criteria or clear procedures for AIJ project reviewsalthough it does have an Interagency Commission on Climate Change.Ukraine's economy declined by over 40% in the 1990s. Russia'seconomy has also declined, to a lesser extent. Russia does have aprocedure for reviewing AIJ projects, though it has temporarily halted thesereviews. Countries seeking JI investment can take several steps to improve thenumber and quality of AIJ projects that they receive. In the long term,governments can create macroeconomic stability and a solid legalinvestment basis to attract investment for JI and other areas. In the shortterm, however, governments can undertake several simple and inexpensivesteps to promote JI. Establishing clear rules and procedures for AIJprojects is an important step. So too are clearly delegating responsibilityfor AIJ project review and providing a single JI point of contact in thegovernment to which investors and project developers can turn. Gainingmore experience in implementing AIJ projects now is important preparationfor fully implementing the Kyoto Protocol beginning in 2008.     

1-硝基芘和多环芳烃联合致突变性的研究

测定了１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和其它（硝基一）多环芳烃对Ａ试验的６个菌株（ＴＡ９８，ＴＡ１００，ＹＧ１０２１，ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９）的单一和联合致突变性，１，６－二硝基芘（１．６ＤＮＰ）、１－硝基芘（１－ＮＰ）和２－硝基坊（２－ＮＦ）所单一致突变性都为ＹＧ１０２４，ＹＧ１０２１，ＴＡ９８，ＹＧ１０２６，ＹＧ１０２９，ＴＡ１００，地２－ＮＦ的敏感性稍有差别，联合致突变性实验结果表明     

浅谈联合站管线的腐蚀与防护

针对孤东采油厂集输联合站管道腐蚀十分严重、穿孔比较频繁的现状,分析了腐蚀产生的原因,采取了加强管道防护保温、强制阴极保护法等措施,防止了联合站管道的腐蚀.     

对水工构筑物设计的几点看法

探讨了水工构筑物设计中的地下水位确定、伸缩缝设置、总体布置及设计与施工配合等问题。设计在满足国家有关政策、规范要求的同时,要做到技术先进、安全适用、经济合理。     

股份制企业安全管理初探

结合劳动保护经济学理论和安全系统工程理论,论述了股份制企业中实行目标管理,用宏观指标控制与具体指导相结合,量化考核,使安全管理工作有机地融于新机制的整体管理之中,为新机制的正常运转起到保驾护航的作用。