地铁长大区间隧道火灾风机启动方案数值模拟研究

为了研究地铁长大区间隧道火灾烟控模式,以国内某一在建地铁长大区间隧道为研究案例,选取不利起火位置,设置了7种风机启动方案,研究不同风机启动方案下,隧道内顶棚温度,疏散平台人员高度烟气温度、CO浓度、可见度的变化,获得不同风机启动方案情况下排烟效果。研究表明:当开启了火源附近足够数量的送风风机后,额外增加距离火源较远的送风风机并不会显著改善排烟效率;即使开启风机台数一致,开启火源所在区段两端的风机效果明显好于开启其他风机。     

Characterizing the vegetation community in the provenance slope with high-frequency debris flow北大核心CSCD

In order to explore the characteristics and species diversity of the vegetation growing in the provenance slope with high-frequency debris flow, we selected the slopes on the north and south sides of the valley in the Jiangjiagou watershed as the research object. The structural characteristics and quantitative compositions of the communities of vegetation growing on different positions of the slopes were investigated. The species composition, important value, species diversity, and ground and underground biomass of the different communities on the slope were statistically analyzed, and the correlations of the ground and underground biomass with the diversity were determined. The results showed that: of the total 49 species found, the herbs were the dominant flora, of which 33 were found on the northern slope and 23 were found on the southern slope. There were significant differences in the species composition and composition of the important values along the different positions on the slope, being mainly affected by the pioneer herbaceous plants. We found that Heteropogon contortus, Eulaliopsis binata, Arthraxon hispidus, and Sesbania cannabina were highly adaptable to debris flow. These four species are common to the area and can be used as the main configuration species for future ecological restoration. There were differences in the community characteristics and species diversity at different positions on the slope. For the southern slope of the valley, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was in the order: stable zone (2.311) > instable zone (2.161) > deposit zone (2.036), and in the order: deposit zone (2.626) > stable zone (1.338) > instable zone (1.057) for the northern slope. There were significant differences in the biomass, being in the order: stable zone > instable zone > deposit zone, with higher values in the northern slope than in the southern slope. Based on the aforementioned results, we suggest that the restoration of vegetation in the area of the provenance slope having high-frequency debris flow should focus on the prevention and protection of the instable zone of the slope by natural processes of recovery. The deposit zone needs rational remediation measures. We should introduce local shrub and arbor to increase the species composition and promote the development of plant communities with vertical structures. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

泥石流灾害经济损失研究综述

在泥石流灾害研究中,针对泥石流灾害经济损失的研究是预防、应对和管理泥石流灾害风险的基础。结合已有泥石流灾害经济损失研究成果,首先梳理当前泥石流灾害经济损失研究发展近况,对不同经济损失研究方法进行分类和归纳。其次,在简要介绍已有研究方法的基础上,对不同种类研究方法进行评述,分析各类研究方法具有的优势和存在的问题。最后,结合当前泥石流灾害研究的发展趋势和本文研究结果,提出泥石流灾害经济损失研究的启示和展望。     

云南省泥石流防治模式研究

通过对云南省40年来主要类型泥石流防治试点的综合分析,在对泥石流防治的原则,方案和措施进行研究的基础上,给出了云南省城镇泥石流、农田泥石流和道路泥石流的防治模式。     

砖混建筑在泥石流冲击作用下的破坏形态模拟

我国山地泥石流活动频繁,建筑物防护是山区城镇建设及泥石流堆积扇开发利用中必须解决的问题.了解建筑物在泥石流冲击力作用下的破坏形态,有助于防灾工程设计.利用实际观测数据和泥石流破坏现场调查分析结果,对砖混建筑在受到泥石流冲击力作用下的受力形式及破坏形态进行了理论模拟和计算.在此基础上,进行了墙片的破坏性试验,现场观测墙体在冲击作用下的破坏形态和历程,验证理论模拟结果,提出了加强砖混建筑抵抗泥石流冲击的措施,为建筑物抵抗泥石流冲击设计提供参考.     

DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER AND ITS MITIGATION COUNTERMEASURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MOUNTAIN AREAS IN THE WESTERN CHINA

Debrisflowdisasterharmingcities/towns,trafficlinesandwaterconservancyisoneofthemostimportantdisastersandoneoftheprimaryfactorsofrestrictionofeconomicdevelop mentinwesternmountainareasofChina.Withtheimplementofwesterndevelopmentpro gram,mountaincities/townswillgrowrapidly.Theconflictionbetweenrapidgrowthofcities/townsinmountainareasanddeteriorationofdebrisflowwillbemoreserious,thusthere searchesonmitigationcountermeasuresarenecessaryfordevelopmentandconstructionofmountaincities/towns.Actualitya…     

泥石流灾害信息共享的方法与实现

对泥石流信息进行广泛收集，科学分类和编码，建设泥石流信息数据库，利用现代信息技术建立数据接口与Internet连接，提供网络信息检索和查询服务是实现泥石流灾害信息共享的最佳方法。本文提出了实现泥石流灾害信息共享的方案。     

泥石流灾情综合评估模式

泥石流灾情综合评估模式是在灾情绝对评估的基础上建立的。首先，建立了泥石流灾情评估的步骤框图；然后依据已有的泥石流灾情评估指标体系对各项指标进行量化分析处理，将得了各灾情评估指标公值分布及其量纲换算法，确定了反映直接损失的灾情绝对评估指标和相对评估指标（直接经济损失占灾区国民收入的比例），并对绝对和相对评估结果的等级进行了划分；最后，建立了绝对评估和相对评估结果对比的灾情综合评估模式。经过实例应用验证，评估结果能较好地反映灾情。     

1 860m3/min风机安全运行实践

高炉轴流风机处于不稳定工况区运行或出现“抢风”都会造成事故。调节导叶角度可避开不稳定工况区；介绍了“抢风“现象产生的原因及消除方法。     

风险评价技术在2003年"7.11"泥石流灾害评价中的应用

四川省甘孜州丹巴县巴底乡邛山沟于2003年7月11日晚暴发罕见泥石流,给当地造成巨大的人员和财产损失.本文以邛山沟泥石流为研究对象,通过灾害形成背景以及泥石流灾害特征的研究,采用单沟泥石流风险评价的技术方法,对邛山沟“7.11“泥石流灾害进行了风险评价,提出了减灾和防治措施.