崩滑流雷达遥感应用潜力分析

综述了我国崩滑流（崩塌、滑坡、泥石流）遥感的应用现状；着重分析了成像雷达遥感在崩滑流识别、监测、预警中具有的独特优势，特别是随着新型成像雷达遥感（极化、干涉雷达）的发展，基于干涉雷达发展的差分干涉测量技术能以一量级甚至更小尺度测量地表形变，在崩滑流研究中能提供定量的动态信息，为崩滑流遥感应用研究注入了新的活力，开辟了新的思路；并指出以雷达（ＳＡＲ）遥感信息为主的多源信息复合解译，能为崩滑流灾害的调查提供更为方便、准确、及时、动态的信息．     

山区城镇泥石流减灾决策支持系统

山区城镇泥石流减灾决策支持系统是山区城镇泥石流减灾的重要手段之一。该系统由基础数据库、泥石流模型分析和泥石流减灾决策应用三大模块构成 ,其主要功能有降水、泥石流地声和运动监测及信息实时发送和接收、泥石流预报、泥石流危险范围预测与灾情预估、泥石流警报和临灾预案制定。其工作流程为 :降水监测仪将降水信息无线发送到控制中心主机 ,主机对降水信息处理后发送给泥石流预报模型进行泥石流预报 ,并利用泥石流危险性分区模型进行危险范围预测 ,同时进行灾情预估 ;泥石流地声监测仪将地声信号发送给主机 ,主机检测到泥石流地声后发出泥石流警报 ;泥石流运动监测仪将运动信息发送给主机 ,主机根据泥石流运动要素进行危险范围划定和灾情预估 ,最后制定临灾预案。     

泥石流暴发的应力自组织临界特性

泥石流是一种严重的自然灾害。从广延能量耗散的角度看，泥石流暴发的应力演化过程是一种自组织临界过程。斜坡松散碎屑土触变液化系统在暴雨激发下，内部不同因子间的相互非线性作用，导致斜坡碎屑土自然地朝临界极限应力状态发展，最终暴发泥石流。本文以应力的自组织观点，分析了泥石流暴发的特性。蒋家沟泥石流的资料显示，泥石流规模与频率间存在着幂律关系，这说明泥石流活动具有自组织临界的特性。     

EFFECT OF WOODY DEBRIS ENTRAPMENT ON FLOW RESISTANCE1

ABSTRACT: Recent environmental concerns in floodplain management have stimulated research of the effect vegetation and debris have on flow conveyance, and their function in a productive riparian ecosystem. Although the effect of stable, in-channel woody debris formations on flow resistance has been noted by several authors, studies concerning entrapment of detrital debris in vegetation are lacking. Logs, limbs, branches, leaves and other debris transported during flooding often become lodged against bridges, hydraulic structures, trees and vegetation, and other obstacles, particularly in and near the overbank areas. Hydraulic measurements obtained in a channel prior to and following the removal of woody debris indicated that the average Manning's n value was 39 percent greater when woody debris was present. An examination of the drag-velocity relation for vegetation indicated that an increase in the frontal area of debris and/or vegetation results in a nearly proportional increase in Manning's n. The influence of debris on flow resistance decreased as flow depth increased.     

几种防灰结构消声元件性能参数的试验研究

介绍一种阻性和抗性组合式消声箱的试验，通过不同结构的组合几种防灰结构消声元件的性能参数进行试验研究。结果表明，防灰结构消声器的经验设计法是可行的，通流断面的变化对消声器的压力损失影响较大。     

Effects of channel incision on base flow stream habitats and fishes

Channel incision is a widespread phenomenon that results in stream and riparian habitat degradation. Fishes and physical habitat variables were sampled at base flow from three incised stream channels and one reference stream in northwest Mississippi, USA, to quantify incision effects on fish habitat and provide a basis for habitat rehabilitation planning and design. Incised channels were sampled in spring and autumn; the reference channel was sampled only in the autumn. Incised channel habitat quality was inferior to the reference channel despite the presence of structures designed to restore channel stability. Incised channels had physical habitat diversity levels similar to a nonincised reference channel, but contained fewer types of habitat. At base flow, incised channels were dominated by shallow, sandy habitats, moderate to high mean local Froude numbers, and had relatively little organic debris in their beds. In contrast, the reference stream had greater mean water depth, contained more woody debris, and provided more deep pool habitat. Fish assemblages in incised channels were composed of smaller fishes representing fewer species relative to the reference site. Fish species richness was directly proportional to the mean local Froude number, an indicator of the availability of pool habitat.     

浅析泥石流堆积物的光谱特征——以蒋家沟泥石流堆积物为例

运用 10 0 BXMTS野外光谱仪探测了小江支流蒋家沟新、老泥石流堆积物的光谱反射率 ,总结了新、老堆积物的反射光谱特性 ,分析了影响泥石流堆积物反射光谱特性的因素 (岩性、水分含量、植被覆盖 ) ,最后讨论了应用高空间分辨率遥感图像解译泥石流堆积物的可能性。     

Impacts of Debris-Flow Deposits on Hydrogeochemical Processes and the Development of Dryland Salinity in the Cross-River Catchment, SE, Nigeria

This research focuses on the effect of debris-flow on thevarious hydrogeochemical processes occurring at Cross-River as aresult of disposal of industrial and household wastes as well as sewage into the river. It also focuses on development anddetermination of the saline nature of the rivers dry land.The study is carried out by a survey at different depths of theriver for water and soil samples analysis.The results show that concentrations of cations and anionsreasonably high and uniform except for nitrates which is quitehigh due to agricultural activities occurring in the study areas.Also Mg and SO₄ ions are high due to reactions within thecolluvium include ion exchange of calcium for sodium in basalclays; dissolution of sodium chloride from dust – derived saltparticles in the clay-rich colluvium reactions.The Electrical conductive shows that Cross-River containsdissolved solids. Soil analysis indicates the presence of K, Ca,Mg, and Cl. pH values were also deducted from soil samples (6.30–6.45).     

空间碎片防护结构优化设计理论模型

分析了空间碎片环境，提出了航天器对空间碎片的防护方案。对这种防护结构提出了优化设计模型     

西攀高速公路泥石流防治与对策

在野外调查与资料分析的基础上,总结了西攀高速公路沿线泥石流的分布特征,并通过分析典型泥石流防治工程的缺陷,提出在当前山区高速公路泥石流防治工程中,西攀高速公路泥石流防治中所暴露的问题具有代表性。针对高速公路与成昆铁路的空间位置关系,在成昆铁路沿安宁河已占有较好线位的条件下,根据成昆铁路防治泥石流的成功经验,提出了西攀高速公路泥石流防治工程的主要策略。