光伏企业低碳发展目标指标和实施路径研究

企业低碳发展是实现低碳经济的重要途径，有助于企业降低生产和运营成本，提升企业竞争力。结合国内外企业低碳发展经验和国内低碳发展政策背景，以光伏企业为案例，通过调查企业碳排放数据，建立企业低碳发展目标和关键目标指标体系，研究了企业低碳发展的实施路径，并提出企业低碳发展的建议和思考。     

An Adaptive‐Management Framework for Optimal Control of Hiking Near Golden Eagle Nests in Denali National Park

Abstract: Unintended effects of recreational activities in protected areas are of growing concern. We used an adaptive‐management framework to develop guidelines for optimally managing hiking activities to maintain desired levels of territory occupancy and reproductive success of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Denali National Park (Alaska, U.S.A.). The management decision was to restrict human access (hikers) to particular nesting territories to reduce disturbance. The management objective was to minimize restrictions on hikers while maintaining reproductive performance of eagles above some specified level. We based our decision analysis on predictive models of site occupancy of eagles developed using a combination of expert opinion and data collected from 93 eagle territories over 20 years. The best predictive model showed that restricting human access to eagle territories had little effect on occupancy dynamics. However, when considering important sources of uncertainty in the models, including environmental stochasticity, imperfect detection of hares on which eagles prey, and model uncertainty, restricting access of territories to hikers improved eagle reproduction substantially. An adaptive management framework such as ours may help reduce uncertainty of the effects of hiking activities on Golden Eagles.     

Watershed management and the Web

Watershed analysis and watershed management are developing as tools of integrated ecological and economic study. They also assist decision-making at the regional scale. The new technology and thinking offered by the advent of the Internet and the World Wide Web is highly complementary to some of the goals of watershed analysis. Services delivered by the Web are open, interactive, fast, spatially distributed, hierarchical and flexible. The Web offers the ability to display information creatively, to interact with that information and to change and modify it remotely. In this way the Internet provides a much-needed opportunity to deliver scientific findings and information to stakeholders and to link stakeholders together providing for collective decision-making. The benefits fall into two major categories: methodological and educational. Methodologically the approach furthers the watershed management concept, offering an avenue for practical implementation of watershed management principles. For educational purposes the Web is a source of data and insight serving a variety of needs at all levels. We use the Patuxent River case study to illustrate the web-based approach to watershed management. A watershed scale simulation model is built for the Patuxent area and it serves as a core for watershed management design based on web applications. It integrates the knowledge available for the Patuxent area in a comprehensive and systematic format, and provides a conceptual basis for understanding the performance of the watershed as a system. Moreover, the extensive data collection and conceptualisation required within the framework of the modeling effort stimulates close contact with the environmental management community. This is further enhanced by offering access to the modeling results and the data sets over the Web. Additional web applications and links are provided to increase awareness and involvement of stakeholders in the watershed management process. We argue that it is not the amount and quality of information that is crucial for the success of watershed management, but how well the information is disseminated, shared and used by the stakeholders. In this respect the Web offers a wealth of opportunities for the decision-making process, but still to be answered are the questions at what scale and how widely will the Web be accepted as a management tool, and how can watershed management benefit from web applications.     

国内外旅游系统模型研究综述

从系统论角度来考虑。人类的旅游活动是一个系统。旅游系统是备种旅游事象的集合体。是通过旅游者的旅游活动使备组成要素相互联系、相互作用构成的一个有机整体．它具有实现旅游价值的整体功能。在分析和阐释旅游系统特征的基础上，以时间为序列对国内外学者提出的旅游系统模型进行了介绍评述和总结．指出系统论的观点不仅为旅游资源的开发提供了认识论基础；同时又为旅游规划和开发提供了方法论基础，并提出，对具有环境观和复杂性特点的旅游地理系统的研究将成为未来旅游科学的重要研究方向。旅游系统模型的建立将为旅游（业）的研究提供现实的理论基础。     

Environmental disasters,migration and displacement. Insights and developments from L’Aquila's case

This paper analyses the environmentally-induced migration and displacement resulting from L’Aquila's earthquake of 2009. After a general critical overview of the social science literature on this topic, the main changes in the migration system are analysed looking at the roots and trajectories of the forced human displacement that followed the earthquake, and reflecting on the challenges related to post-earthquake demographic movements and post-disaster resettlement. Through the analysis of the pre disaster (2002–2008) and recovery period (2009–2013) data, this paper offers a general model of how environmental disaster might affect migration and displacement and suggests the main challenges related to the post-disaster governance. Relying on ISTAT data on internal migration in Italy this paper argues that the post-seismic recovery period is characterized by a strong increase of out-flows from L’Aquila to other provinces, within the Abruzzo region and outside it, in particular toward the closest regions (Latium, Campania).     

贫困地区可持续发展指标体系及其综合评估--以湖南湘西贫困地区为例

本文依据贫困地区可持续发展固有的制约因素，特殊的内涵与目标，首次利用压力（Pressure)——状态（State)——响应（Respons)模型，构建了贫困地区可持续发展指标体系，并采用专家咨询与定量模型相结合的方法，对湖南湘西贫困地区可持续发展水平作了实证评估与分析。     

关于区域可持续发展的系统分析

本文从更高、更新、更综合的高度和角度,对区域社会可持续发展系统进行了单元要素分析、结构层次分析。提出了三单元要素、三结构层次、三种发展类型的设想。这种分析尽管还是初步的、定性的、不很深刻的,但是为研究可持续发展系统提供了一种新的思路。     

19世纪是我国特大暴雨洪水发生期

本文用大量资料,论述了我国七个江河历史首位洪水均发生在19世纪。而且,洪水泛滥使得平原地区的水系迁移、湖泊淤缩极为严重。同时,存洪水年前后,伴随着一系列寒冷、干旱的气候异常现象。     

TREE RING RECONSTRUCTIONS OF STREAMFLOW FOR THREE CANADIAN PRAIRIE RIVERS1

ABSTRACT: Information regarding long term hydrological variability is critical for the effective management of surface water resources. In the Canadian Prairie region, growing dependence on major river systems for irrigation and other consumptive uses has resulted in an increasing vulnerability to hydrological drought and growing interprovincial tension. This study presents the first dendrochronological records of streamflow for Canadian Prairie rivers. We present 1,113‐year, 522‐year, and 325‐year reconstructions of total water year (October to September) streamflow for the North Saskatchewan, South Saskatchewan, and Saskatchewan Rivers, respectively. The reconstructions indicate relatively high flows during the 20th Century and provide evidence of past prolonged droughts. Low flows during the 1840s correspond with aridity that extended over much of the western United States. Similarly, an exceptional period of prolonged low flow conditions, approximately 900 A.D. to 1300 A.D., is coincident with evidence of sustained drought across central and western North America. The 16th Century megadrought of the western United States and Mexico, however, does not appear to have had a major impact on the Canadian rivers. The dendrohydrological records illustrate the risks involved if future water policy and infrastructure development in the Canadian Prairies are based solely on records of streamflow variability over the historical record.     

土地资源利用保护与农业生态建设

本文阐述了国内外土地后备资源现状及存在问题,解剖了土壤肥力演化机制和土壤资源保护的关系,介绍了我国生态农业建设的研究进展,指出了今后的主攻方向。