有机污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气的处理技术进展

污染场地原位热脱附过程不可避免地产生尾水尾气,其处理技术普遍存在工艺设计不成熟、污染物脱附规律认识不明晰、二次污染控制措施薄弱等问题,缺乏具有针对性的技术装备研发和应用指导。通过分析污染场地原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理技术的应用现状、污染物脱附规律和现有专利情况,总结归纳实际工程应用中应注意的问题,进而提出原位热脱附工程尾水尾气处理工艺的设计和设备选型建议,并展望进一步的应用及研究,以期为我国有机污染土壤原位热脱附修复技术的推广和应用提供参考。     

堆肥系统的通风设计

对堆肥系统的两种不同风机选型方法及计算结果进行了比较.根据计算结果,方法二所选风机的风量、风压和功率都大于方法一所选的风机.对于堆肥系统,目前常用的风机选型方法为方法二.污泥堆肥中试的结果初步表明:方法二所选风机的风量偏大,而方法一所选风机的风量比较适宜.     

中心组合设计制备高比表面铝基核桃果皮多孔碳材料

以农业废弃物核桃青果皮为原料、F127为微结构调控剂、硝酸铝为中心配位离子,通过中心组合设计,螯合辅助共组装策略制备了系列铝基多孔碳材料并对制备参数进行优化分析。选择硝酸铝浓度、铝基复合材料与F127的质量比和碳化温度作为优化因素,研究各因素的不同水平对系列碳材料比表面积的影响。得到制备的最优条件为硝酸铝浓度1 mol·L-1,铝基复合材料与F127质量比为2.5及碳化温度850 °C。在此条件下,制备得到的碳样品的比表面积为1 505.86 m2·g-1,与预测值1 503.77 m2·g-1接近,说明与响应方程模型高度拟合。     

海洋红球菌SY095产生物表面活性剂发酵培养基的优化

为提高海洋红球菌SY095发酵产生物表面活性剂的能力,研究发酵培养基中碳源及氮源的影响,并通过响应面分析法优化培养基各组分的含量。首先通过单因素实验,确定培养基最佳碳源、氮源分别为大豆油和尿素,在此基础上,利用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出2个对表面活性剂产量有显著影响的因子为尿素和K2HPO4,通过最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析法对显著影响因子进行优化,获得海洋红球菌产表面活性剂的最佳培养基配方为：大豆油2%（体积分数）,尿素2.35 g·L-1,K2HPO40.69 g·L-1,KH2PO4 1.0 g·L-1,MgSO4 0.5 g·L-1。使用该优化培养基配方,海洋红球菌发酵液的表面张力为29.254 mN·m-1,与预测值接近,表面张力活性比优化前提高了12.9%。     

煤矿安全风险预控与隐患闭环管理信息系统设计研究

从事故风险管理理论出发,借鉴国外风险管理的流程和方法,总结国内煤矿安全管理中隐患治理的先进实践经验,设计了满足煤矿危险源辨识、评价、管理标准与措施制定流程的风险预控管理,隐患治理中的反馈式闭环管理以及员工"三违"的流程管理需求的煤矿安全管理信息系统。通过安全管理信息系统的实施,能够使煤矿的风险管理系统化、规范化,煤矿生产中的潜在危险源得到有效管理,隐患及人员不安全行为能够得到及时控制,避免或减少煤矿事故的发生。     

QUALITY OF HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA IN COLD REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: Many users of hydrometeorological records are not aware of the number of inconsistencies and biases that occur in hydrometeorological records. Examples are presented illustrating how the exposures of sites for measurement of precipitation, wind, snow on the ground, and evaporation determine to a large extent how useful the records are for estimating areal conditions. For areas where precipitation in the form of snow produces a significant portion of the runoff, a smaller number of quality records may be more valuable for modeling than a much larger number of records of lower quality. Information is presented to show that the overall value of an operational hydrometeorological network is dependent upon how consistent and representative of average conditions the collected records are, especially for mountainous areas in cold regions.     

OPTIMAL IDENTIFICATION OF MUSKINGUM ROUTING COEFFICIENTS1

Traditionally, identification of the Muskingum routing coefficients has been based on observations of the linearity of a loop formed by graphically plotting a forward and a reverse path. This graphical procedure is time-consuming and may not minimize the error of estimation. A procedure was developed to improve the drawbacks of the graphical method. This procedure calls for (a) the use of least square regression on the forward and reverse paths to determine their respective slopes, and (b) the use of statistical t-test to evaluate the hypothesis that these two slopes are equal. The computational procedure is repeated, using incremental values of the flow weighting coefficient, x. A graph of the computed t-value versus x can be constructed. The optimal value of x, as read from the graph, occurs at the minimum computed t-value. The procedure has been demonstrated superior to the graphical method for three illustrative examples, resulting in a reduction of the error squares by factors ranging from 5 to 6.     

Improving the Urban Stream Restoration Effort: Identifying Critical Form and Processes Relationships

Stream restoration projects are often based on morphological form or stream type and, as a result, there needs to be a clear tie established between form and function of the stream. An examination of the literature identifies numerous relationships in naturally forming streams that link morphologic form and stream processes. Urban stream restoration designs often work around infrastructure and incorporate bank stabilization and grade control structures. Because of these imposed constraints and highly altered hydrologic and sediment discharge regimens, the design of urban channel projects is rather unclear. In this paper, we examine the state of the art in relationships between form and processes, the strengths and weaknesses of these existing relationships, and the current lack of understanding in applying these relationships in the urban environment. In particular, we identify relationships that are critical to urban stream restoration projects and provide recommendations for future research into how this information can be used to improve urban stream restoration design. It is also suggested that improving the success of urban restoration projects requires further investigation into incorporating process-based methodologies, which can potentially reduce ambiguity in the design and the necessity of using an abundant amount of in-stream structures.     

Limits of ecodesign: the case for open source product development

Abstract

In pursuit of coping mechanisms for the challenges of sustainable manufacturing, systematic methods have been developed to allow engineers to improve the ratio between products’ utility and environmental impact. These necessary efforts remain however limited if the surrounding production and consumption practices are not called into question at the same time. This article introduces open source product development as a potential approach for unlocking the limits of existing sustainable product design practices and to lead towards alternative and eco-efficient production and consumption practices termed as participative production. First, it discusses the potential advantages of this emerging practice in terms of environmental sustainability. Second, it provides a screened qualitative environmental analysis of 18 exemplary open source hardware products. Specific sustainable design principles implemented by these products are highlighted and discussed in order to identify challenges for further common research in the field of open source and sustainable product development.     

面向作物病害识别的高光谱波谱库设计与开发

自20世纪70年代以来,国内外波谱数据库发展迅速,但都存在着针对性不强的缺陷,不能满足我国现阶段遥感应用的需要。该文通过以小麦条锈病为案例的高光谱波谱库的设计与开发,实现了波谱查询、影像管理、用户管理、数据管理、反演模型等功能,可供其它面向病害识别的高光谱波谱库的建立参考。