水资源开发对黄河下游河道环境生态功能的影响分析

黄河与国内外其它半干旱地区河流的一个最大区别 ,就是它是世界上年输沙量最大的一条河流 ,而且沿河排污量很大。因此 ,必须把保持黄河下游的泄洪排沙、水体自净等自然功能纳入流域整体开发中 ,避免下游河道出现由于人为影响而加速萎缩以及水环境恶化问题     

长江流域可持续农业发展管理机制研究

文章首先阐述了建立可持续农业发展管理机制的必要性与原则 ,在分析长江流域可持续农业发展面临的问题及其原因的基础上 ,提出了长江流域可持续农业发展管理机制的具体内容     

流域核心-边缘结构模式探讨——以赣江流域为例

流域作为区域经济中的重要地域单元,其总体空间结构规律却一直没有得到系统的归纳与总结。在介绍与评价施坚雅流域核心 边缘结构模式的基础上,对赣江流域空间结构特征与历史演化过程进行了较为深入的实证分析。结果表明,赣江流域可分为核心区、过渡区、边缘区,体现出明显的核心 边缘空间结构特征;山、江、湖,作为构成赣江流域的三大要素,其间存在着内在的时空耦合关系。具体而言,赣江流域最大的河流赣江纵贯流域南北,注入全国最大的淡水湖——鄱阳湖,成为连结上游山区和下游湖区的纽带,山、江、湖彼此相连,息息相关,构成一个互相关联、互为依托的生态大系统。因此,有必要将山江湖作为一个有机整体,不论在生态环境治理上,资源综合开发上,还是在工农业发展布局上,都应统筹兼顾,合理安排,进行全面的、有步骤的综合开发治理和建设。     

Stakeholder responses to future flood management ideas in the Rhine River Basin: nature or neighbour in Hell’s Angle

Summary This article identifies responses of stakeholders to future management of the Rhine River Basin, notably to the plan Rhine In The Future. This plan foresees the construction of a bypass between the rivers Rhine and IJssel, the Green River. The Green River would be a nature reserve area that can be flooded during high water discharges. The inhabitants of the area would be permanently relocated. Their defence of stakes will be coloured by patterns of acting and thinking that belong to respectively postmodernity, modernity and pre-modernity. These different colourings show in negotiation skills, levels of organisations, alertness, power positions, and access to local and outside resources. Most local stakeholders appreciate the postmodern environmentalism that leads to the greening of river management, but regret the loss of their strong, pre-modern, social cohesion. Whereas they consider national interests in a rather balanced way, they doubt the necessity of the bypass for safety reasons. They have confidence in financial compensations for relocation, but will negotiate about these compensations with skill and determination. Their tactics will be reinforced by collective efforts that stem from their social cohesion.One professor says it will be dryer, the other one says it will be wetter.We all have mobile telephones so we know it when the water comes.The social cohesion of this community will be lost forever.When youre not bought out youll be the real victim.We like to have a nature reserve area around here.     

长江中游潜沼化土壤的限制因子及其对策研究

研究表明，地下水和单一的种植结构与利用方式，是长江中游地区潜沼化土壤生产力的主要限制因子，在调查和田间试验的基础上，在国家目前难以实现配套水利工程设施的条件下，提出了以生物措施为主，结合小型工程措施进行综合改良利用，治渍改土的切实可行的方案，在优化农业结构的前提下，比较了诸多优化模式，通过田间试验，筛选出诸如退田还湖，种植水生经济植物，垄稻沟鱼及各种轮作方式，同时适当引进耐潜作物品种，实行配方施肥     

Estimates of (239+240)Pu inventories in Gdańsk Bay and Gdańsk basin

This paper presents and discusses the results of (239+240)Pu determinations in different components of Gdańsk bay and Gdańsk basin ecosystem, as well as estimated sources and inventories of plutonium in these basins. The total plutonium (239+240)Pu activities deposited in Gdańsk bay and Gdańsk basin sediments are 1.18 TBq and 3.77 TBq, respectively. Two rivers, the Vistula and Neman rivers, and atmospheric fallout were distinguished as the main sources of plutonium in these basins. In seawater (with suspended matter included) there is about 2.33 GBq (239+240)Pu (0.2% of total activity) in Gdańsk bay and 9.92 GBq (239+240)Pu (0.3% of total activity) in Gdańsk basin. In both cases, 56% of (239+240)Pu is associated with suspended matter. Organisms contain 3.81 MBq in Gdańsk bay and 7.45 MBq (239+240)Pu in Gdańsk basin. From this value in Gdańsk bay 82.1% of plutonium is associated with zoobenthos, 13.6% with phytobenthos, 1.6% with phytoplankton, 1.5% with zooplankton and 1.2% with fish. In Gdańsk basin, 83.2% is associated with zoobenthos, 7.5% with phytobenthos, 3.6% with phytoplankton, 3.2% with zooplankton and 2.5% with fish.     

鄱阳湖圩区滞洪与水土资源利用协调

鄱阳湖区有圩堤564座,保护耕地近4200km^2、人口720多万。圩堤对保护湖区人民生命财产安全起到了积极的作用,但有些圩堤占据了湖泊的正常行洪通道,给湖区防洪带来了不利影响,对这些野区应当平圩还湖。还有些中小型野区没有占据湖泊的正常行洪通道,但在洪水期间经常遭受洪水淹没,对这类好区应根据实际情况实施“高水还湖滞洪,低水种植养殖”的运用方式,以缓解鄱阳湖区人多地少的矛盾。从洪水水力学基本理论出发,根据鄱阳湖洪水特征和好区实际情况,定量分析了因中小野区滞洪而降低湖水位的幅度、减少湖周边的淹没面积以及减轻湖区防洪压力,对鄱阳湖可滞洪中小野区“高水滞洪,低水种养”的运用方式进行了探讨,提出了鄱阳湖不同规模的可滞洪野区的滞洪启用水位和启用频率分别为：6．7km^2以下好区为21．65m与10％、6．7—33．3km^2为22．05m与6．67％。建议采用自湖下游至湖上游的野区滞洪启用次序,井对与滞洪需求相协调的好区水土资源利用方式进行了初步研究。     

嘉陵江流域四川盆地段历代洪水研究

嘉陵江流域地理环境特殊，洪水频发，且多发生在四川盆地段，对该段流域人民的生产生活构成很大威胁，了解嘉陵江流域洪水的规律和形成原因．并进一步探讨防洪措施，将有利于对流域的综合治理，减少洪灾损失。     

WATER ALLOCATION POLICY MODELING FOR THE DONG NAI RIVER BASIN: AN INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE1

Abstract: Recent water sector reforms and increased scarcity and vulnerability of water resources, combined with declining public funding available for large scale infrastructure investment in the sector, have led to a greater awareness by the Government of Vietnam for the need to analyze water resource allocation and use in an integrated fashion, at the basin scale, and from a perspective of economic efficiency. In this study we focus on the development, application, and selected policy analyses using an integrated economic hydrologic river basin model for the Dong Nai River Basin in southern Vietnam. The model framework depicts the sectoral structure and location of water users (agriculture, industry, hydropower, domestic, and the environment) and the institutions for water allocation in the basin. Water benefit functions are developed for the major water uses subject to physical limitations and to constraints of system control and policy. Based on this modeling framework, we will analyze policies that can affect water allocation and use at the basin level, including both basin-specific and general macroeconomic policies.     

大辽河流域上游非点源污染输出风险分析

为了解土地利用的组合方式对氮磷输出的影响,在广泛收集土地利用输出系数的基础上,基于遥感和GIS手段,分析了大伙房水库控制流域内营养物质氮磷的输出风险.结果表明,大伙房水库控制流域非点源污染输出的风险概率比较小,氮素和磷素的风险概率平均为19.31%和8.95%.但在空间分布上差异很大,风险概率高的地方一般在主要的河流附近,沿河流流向延伸.而其它区域的风险概率相对较低.此外,营养物质输出风险随着坡度不同差别比较大,而在行政区内差别不明显.