Fenton-超声联合处理金刚烷胺制药废水

近年来,流感常用药盐酸金刚烷胺的产量不断增大,然而,其生产过程中产生的废水由于得不到有效处理,引起较大污染。以盐酸金刚烷胺生产过程中产生的胺化废水和溴化废水为原水,利用Fenton-超声联合工艺进行处理,主要研究反应时间、初始pH、H2O2投加量和H2O2/Fe2+的投加比和声能密度等操作条件对于金刚烷胺制药废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,优化处理条件下,Fenton-超声联合工艺对金刚烷胺制药废水中TOC去除效果最高达到65.6%。超声和Fenton的联合产生了良好的协同效果,Fenton-超声联合工艺对金刚烷胺制药废水的处理效果比单独超声和单独Fenton处理效果之和高18%,大大提高了废水中有机物的去除效果。     

吸附剂浓度对Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在高岭土上吸附的影响

研究了吸附剂浓度(Cs)对Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在高岭土上吸附的影响。结果表明,随Cs增大,吸附等温线下降,呈现出明显的吸附剂浓度效应(Cs-effect)。采用经典Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式对吸附数据进行拟合表明,在给定Cs下,Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线分别符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式;但这2个等温式不能描述或预测Cseffect,模型参数与Cs有关,与模型理论预测相悖。为解释和描述固/液界面吸附中的Cs-effect,我们近期提出了表面组分活度(SCA)模型,并推导出了Langmuir-SCA和Freundlich-SCA等温式。采用SCA模型等温式对吸附数据进行拟合表明,Langmuir-SCA和Freundlich-SCA等温式可分别准确地描述Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在高岭土上吸附的Cs-effect结果,证明SCA模型是合理的。     

诱导喷嘴改进滤筒清灰效果的数值模拟

采用计算流体动力学数值模拟方法,对规格为325 mm×660 mm滤筒在采用高效诱导喷嘴(超音速引流喷嘴和气流散射器)喷吹时的内部流场进行研究。通过分析喷吹气流在滤筒内的压力分布云图和喷嘴处的速度分布图,得出模拟结果与脉冲喷吹实验结果基本一致,验证了数值模拟的可靠性和实验的准确性。进而从微观上分析得出采用诱导喷嘴可使气流更加稳定的进入滤筒内部,以此确保滤筒长度方向上内壁清灰压力的均匀性,对滤筒清灰效果有明显的改善作用,为解决滤筒的清灰问题提供了一定的指导。     

蜘蛛兰去除不同程度富营养水体中氮磷及抑藻效应

研究了蜘蛛兰在不同程度富营养化水体中对氮、磷的去除和对藻类的抑制效应。结果表明,蜘蛛兰在3种不同程度富营养化水体中均能正常生长,且对富营养水体中的氮、磷和叶绿素a浓度均表现出良好的净化去除效果。在45d的实验中,3种不同程度富营养水体的TN、N03-N、NH4-N和TP浓度分别由初始的3．69～25．65、2．79～21．14、0．75～3．57和0．14—1．23mg／L降至1．25～18．99、1．08～16．03、0．18～1．39和0．06～0．77mg／L,在3种不同程度富营养水体中植物的平均生物量累积增长率分别为40．98％、64．41％和95．08％。实验各处理组富营养化水体中的叶绿素a浓度及荧光参数短期内都显著下降,而各对照组中则较稳定或略有下降。蜘蛛兰不仅可以净化富营养水体中营养元素,且对水体中藻类的生长有明显的抑制作用,其在水体生态修复工程中具有良好的应用前景。     

Ni2＋对活性污泥活性及群落多样性的影响

通过检测活性污泥的电子传递体系活性以及生物多样性,研究Ni2＋对活性污泥微生物活性及群落多样性的影响。结果表明：与对照系统相比,5mg／L的Ni2＋对2,3,5-lriphenylteItrazoliumchloride（TTC．ETS）活性未产生显著的影响;但当Ni2＋的浓度进一步增大到10、20和40mg／L后,其对序批式反应器内活性污泥TTC—ETS活性的抑制率分别达到（36．794-11．14）％、（55．88±13．90）％和（70．97±6．78）％。低浓度Ni2＋．能增强活性污泥微生物对碳源的利用,但高于10mg／L的Ni2＋则显著抑制了活性污泥微生物对碳源的利用。各个SBR系统中微生物群落最常见的物种相近,物种丰富度和均一性则均有所不同,其中群落物种丰富度随着Ni2＋浓度的增加而逐渐减小。TTC—ETS活性、平均每孔颜色变化率、Shan—liOn指数和Simpson指数,与Ni2＋的胁迫浓度之间的显著相关性表明,它们均可有效地表征Ni2＋胁迫对活性污泥微生物活性及群落多样性的影响程度。     

城市天然气加气站噪声影响分析及噪声控制技术简

城市天然气加气站位于城市道路和居民区周边。由于加气站地理位置特殊,声源复杂,与周边道路对环境的影响叠加,还要考虑通风散热等问题,噪声治理难度大。目前,国内关于城市天然气加气站的噪声控制研究的报道较少。本研究以合肥市长江西路天然气加气站为例,根据城市天然气加气站加气工艺噪声源及邻近交通噪声对周围环境进行叠加影响预测,根据预测结果和通风散热等工艺要求设计冷却塔安装进风、出风消声器和隔声罩,压缩机安装局部通风隔声罩及压缩机房东墙内安装隔声墙及通风隔声窗等措施。经检验,研究结果好于《工业企业厂界噪声排放标准（GB12348-2008）》中的2类标准的夜间50 dB（A）的标准。该研究设计技术工艺、参数先进合理,费用低且实际简单,为国内天然气加气站噪声预测及治理提供较好的示范作用。     

Low dose effects and non-monotonic dose responses for endocrine active chemicals: Science to practice workshop: Workshop summary

A workshop was held in Berlin September 12–14th 2012 to assess the state of the science of the data supporting low dose effects and non-monotonic dose responses (“low dose hypothesis”) for chemicals with endocrine activity (endocrine disrupting chemicals or EDCs). This workshop consisted of lectures to present the current state of the science of EDC action and also the risk assessment process. These lectures were followed by breakout sessions to integrate scientists from various backgrounds to discuss in an open and unbiased manner the data supporting the “low dose hypothesis”. While no consensus was reached the robust discussions were helpful to inform both basic scientists and risk assessors on all the issues. There were a number of important ideas developed to help continue the discussion and improve communication over the next few years.     

Determination of sulfosulfuron residues in soil under wheat crop by a novel and cost-effective method and evaluation of its carryover effect

A novel and cost-effective method of sulfosulfuron extraction has been developed using distilled water as an extraction solvent. Using this method, the environmental fate of sulfosulfuron was investigated in soil under wheat crop. Studies were conducted under natural field conditions in randomized block design and herbicide (75% water dispersible granules (WG)) was applied after 24 days of sowing. The rates of applications were 25 and 50 g of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare. Soil samples were collected at predetermined intervals and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minimum detection limit was found to be 0.001 μ g g^{? 1}. The dissipation of sulfosulfuron followed first-order rate kinetics and dissipated with a half-life of 5.4–6.3 days. After harvest, field soil was used for conducting a pot experiment with bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) as test plants to study the carry over effect of sulfosulfuron. No phytotoxicity was observed to bottle gourd in pot experiment with harvest soil.     

多效唑对水仙观赏效果的影响

水仙对多效唑比较敏感,无论浸泡法或叶面喷施法都具有明显的矮化效应,但当浓度≥200mg·l-1时又会产生药害,也有碍观赏;叶面喷施法对水仙矮化效应不如浸泡法,开花期亦迟10·15d;浸泡法的最佳处理浓度是50 mg·l-1;叶面喷施法以浓100-200mg·l-1效应最好,但此法费工费时,操作不便,生产上最好不采用。     

论中药的毒副作用

中药在临床的应用将日益广泛,但其毒副作用应当受到重视,本文就中药的毒副作用及其与毒副作用有关的因素,毒副作用对机体的影响等问题进行了论述.