WATER-SURFACE PROFILES WITHOUT ENERGY LOSS COEFFICIENTS1

ABSTRACT: This paper describes a new method of computing water-surface profiles, which does not require the assumption of hydrostatic pressure or of roughness coefficients. The method is based upon distributing entropy production values along a channel as uniformly as boundary conditions permit. The method requires a discharge capacity rating at a channel cross-section within the limits of the reach of the channel. A new theoretical relationship between the kinetic and momentum coefficients for the velocity profile is used, together with a dynamic programming technique for optimal distribution of energy losses along the channel. A computer model was developed and was used to verify the methodology for flood flow and channel data at four locations.     

江西省兴国县土壤侵蚀动态监测研究

介绍发应用遥感技术和调查资料编制的江西省兴国县三个时期（１９５８，１９７５，１９８８年）的土壤侵蚀动态监测图。结果表明，建国以来，该县水土流失的动态变化基本上呈抛物线的态势发展，目前水土流失面积在缩小，程度在降低，总的趋势向好的方向发展。     

城市化发展的营力系统分析--兼论我国城市化影响因子与可持续城市化战略选择

城市化是一个系统、动态和适应性的过程。受诸多因素的交互影响。城市化系统的发展运行与其所受营力作用息息相关。城市化营力系统由外营力子系统和内营力子系统相互作用。共同构成。前者含城市化的驱动力、支撑力和阻滞力。后者由压力、拉力和阻力组成。本文通过对我国城市化发展的营力系统进行分析。指出经济基础薄弱、产业驱动效率低下、资源环境约束以及城市化发展观念制度落后等。是我国当前实施城市化战略。促进经济社会可持续发展的主要障碍。在此基础上。提出我国应按照协调性、区域性和效益性原则．实施可持续城市化发展战略。     

攀枝花市空气监测优化布设的方法

在分散成若干片区、地形复杂的工业城市进行空气监测优化布设时,应先确定测点所在的片区。优化时必须考虑地形和气象特点、污染源的分布和片区的功能特征。再根据片区内主要污染物及源分布确定决策团子。优化时再考虑片区内的污染气象条件,采用适当的空气扩散模式和动态模拟的方法。经过夏、秋两季实测结果证明,优化的测点代表性良好。     

A DISTRIBUTED DYNAMIC WATERSHED MODEL1

ABSTRACT: A distributed watershed model was developed to mathematically simulate overland and channel flow for a single-event storm. The modeled watersheds in the study were subdivided into rectangular grid elements. All hydrologically significant parameters, such as land slope, rainfall and precipitation excess, were assumed to be uniform within each element. The Green-Ampt method was adopted to generate precipitation excess for each element during the simulation period. A two-dimensional diffusion wave model was used for overland flow routing and an iterative Alternative Direction Implicit scheme was used to solve the simultaneous overland flow equations. Once the overland flow became inflow to the channel, a one-dimensional dynamic wave flood routing technique, based on a four-point, implicit, non-linear finite difference solution of the St. Venant equation of unsteady flow, was applied. A limited number of comparisons were made between simulated and observed hydrographs for areas of about one square mile. Given the appropriate parameters, the model was able to accurately simulate runoff for single-event storms. This paper describes a distributed watershed model developed to simulate overland and channel flow. Comparisons were made between simulated and observed hydrographs for three watersheds. The model was able to accurately simulate the runoff for single-event storms using 61-m by 61-m (200 ft by 200 ft) watershed grid elements.     

On the minimum cost of an evolutionary strategy response to environment stress

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浙西山地马尾松林分针叶量的动态变化及其遥感监测

介绍了一种运用陆地卫星ＴＭ数据监测马尾松林分针叶量及其变化的方法，只要由森林资源清查数据建立起林分资源信息库后，就可通过监测年份卫星数据与背景数据的比较，初步了解森林的健康状况。并通过宏观的监测结果，森防人员根据多年的经验就可预测发展趋势，制定出相应的防治策略，进而实现宏观监测和预测森林病虫害的目的。     

Exergy and ecological modelling of lake environment

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌａｋｅｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｇｌｏｂａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍａｎｄｄｒａｗｎｇｒｅａｔａｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ．ＩｎＣｈｉｎａ，ｍａｎｙｌａｋｅｓ...     

中国农业碳排放的空间分异与动态演进——基于空间和非参数估计方法的实证研究

为研究农业碳排放的空间分布与动态演进规律，运用1993~2017年中国大陆29个省份的面板数据，在分省测算农业碳排放量和农业碳排放强度的基础上，将空间和非参数估计方法相结合，考察了中国农业碳排放的空间分异及其动态演进.结果表明：中国农业碳排放量呈“中心-外围”模式分布，且表现出向“外围”扩散的趋势；碳排放强度呈逐渐下降的趋势，表现为西高东低的阶梯状分布特征；碳排放的地区间差距不断缩小，农业碳排放的增长分布由“二主一小”向“一主”的格局转变，与此同时，中国农业碳排放还表现出由“两极”向“多极”转变的分布格局.     

不同状态下包气带除氮及阻止氮污染能力的实验研究

通过土柱模拟实验方法对包气带三种状态下，即天然自净、分别向包气带介质中注入营养以及人工培殖的高效脱氮菌，阻止氮污染及除氮能力进行了研究与评价。结果发现向包气带介质中注入人工培殖的高效脱氮菌这种状态具有很强的除氮和阻止氮污染的能力，进而给出了该种状态下细菌脱氮反应动力学模型。为实施利用包气带进行污水除氮和控制面源氮源污提供了科学依据。