大坝性态危险程度判别模型研究

通过分析大坝性态与大坝危险性间的关系,建立了基于logistic生长曲线的大坝危险程度评价模型,提出了基于大坝性态的各监测分析项目变权重确定方法,给出了一种依据大坝实时安全监测和分析结果综合评价大坝危险性程度的定量评价线性加权和技术,最后给出了一个大坝危险性定量分析案例,结果表明,本文方法具有可行性.     

辽河干流闸坝回水段自然湿地恢复研究

辽河保护区在清河口—马虎山段100多km河道上的沙坑为建设坑塘湿地提供了基本条件,阐述了辽河保护区坑塘湿地恢复方法、水系连通技术、生态系统恢复技术及建设工程设计方案。在铁岭段、沙宝台段和石佛寺段建设30个坑塘湿地,通过修建宽2~3 m的连通渠实现坑与坑及坑与河道之间的水系流动,可形成三大坑塘湿地群。通过湿地下垫面整治、植被恢复、生境恢复及水文调控与管理恢复坑塘湿地生态系统,通过河流湿地水网建设和水生植物群落重建工程进行坑塘湿地建设,能够实现对干流悬浮物、COD_Cr和氨氮的有效去除,增加蓄水量909万m³,有效改善辽河流域生态环境。     

Impacts of Dams on Flow Regimes in Three Headwater Subbasins of the Columbia River Basin,United States1

Moore, Johnnie N., Alicia S. Arrigoni, and Andrew C. Wilcox, 2012. Impacts of Dams on Flow Regimes in Three Headwater Subbasins of the Columbia River Basin, United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 925‐938. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00660.x Abstract: We compared long‐term changes in flow regimes resulting from climate change with those resulting from dams in three matched pairs of natural and modified headwater subbasins of the Columbia River. Based on the analysis of 12 flow‐regime metrics, we found that damming had minimal effect on most quantity of flow metrics, but major effect on timing of flow metrics, especially those representing “spring runoff.” In all modified subbasins, “spring runoff” metrics occurred much earlier than natural flow (up to ～44 days earlier for April‐July flows). Storage capacity modulated the magnitude of timing of flow‐metric changes, with the largest storage capacity leading to the most change. However, even in subbasins with low storage capacity, we found significant change in most timing of flow metrics. We also found that damming, especially in subbasins with higher storage capacity, overwhelmed climate variability in all basins for most flow metrics. This shows that reservoir operations need to be modified to more closely match the natural timing of flow regimes to promote positive ecologic response in modified rivers, even in basins where quantity of flow metrics have not changed substantially as a result of damming.     

尾矿坝的失事

尾矿坝失事不仅使尾矿流失,严重时还会破坏下游地区的生态环境,造成巨大的生命财产损失.首先介绍分析了尾矿坝失事与坝型的关系以及溃坝原因和几率的关系.列举了许多国内外重大的溃坝事故和溃坝所造成的损失,分析了溃坝原因.通过国内外的实例说明,希望引起大家对尾矿坝安全工作的重视.     

关于加强非煤矿山安全监管工作的研究与思考(一)

用大量详实的统计数据全面介绍了我国非煤矿山安全生产的现状,在此基础上,从政府监管、企业管理、社会中介服务3个层面系统分析了我国非煤矿山安全生产工作中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了对策措施.     

上泉拱坝稳定分析及加固设计

上泉水库坝体为浆砌石连拱坝,现被定为病险水库,通过对拱坝结构强度、支墩抗滑稳定的计算分析,采用右坝肩基础、支墩防渗处理、坝体加固处理等措施进行除险加固,并对大坝稳定进行了验算。     

A tool to aid emergency managers and communities in appraising private dam safety and policy

Issues concerning dam safety and equitable sharing of catchment run-off are receiving more attention throughout the world. This paper assesses these matters in the context of Australia, and the need for policy responses. Landholders often overlook the common law obligation to review/design dams to current standards because of high costs, leaving them vulnerable to litigation if their dam fails. The paper reports on an innovative spillway design/review procedure, applicable to southeast Australia, but transferable to any region worldwide. Dam safety policy models and guidelines derived from international best practice are linked to the procedure and intended to aid government decision-making. The procedure minimises costs to landholders and provides an acceptable level of safety assurance to downstream communities. Also discussed are recent surveys testing community attitudes to the procedure and implemented dam safety and water allocation policies. These further guide any government wanting to implement this'integrated engineering and community partnerships'approach to preventing potential disasters due to private dam failure and achieving sustainable and safe water storage and use.     

尾矿坝溃决泥浆运动机制及其预测模型研究

以尾矿溃坝砂流下游演进动力学过程为研究重点,综合运用水文学及水动力学等运动理论和数值计算方法,建立描述尾矿坝溃决泥浆运动的数学模型,采用VOF模型对溃坝后的砂流运动过程进行数值模拟。以某溃决尾矿坝为例,对溃坝后下泄砂流演进过程进行模拟,模拟得到的最终影响范围及泥深均与该溃决尾矿坝溃后的现场观测结果相吻合,证明了模拟的有效性和正确性。     

某尾矿坝子坝稳定性及加固效果分析

以某尾矿坝为工程背景,根据现场工程地质勘探所获得地质资料及拟加高扩容初步设计资料等,建立三维尾矿坝的数值仿真模型。在此基础上,针对最终设计坝顶标高+260 m(高160 m)情况采用FLAC3D软件中强度折减法求解了坝体子坝边坡安全系数,并确定了潜在滑裂面的位置。根据潜在滑裂面的位置选择土工格栅加固子坝,并通过对加固前后位移场、应力场以及剪切应变增量区的对比分析,表明所采取的加固措施是可行的。     

渗透坝对丹江口库湾水体氮磷负荷削减的应用

为了解决丹江口库湾局部水体富营养化问题,以水体氮、磷削减负荷为目标,利用渗透坝对库湾水体进行净化,促进库湾水体流动循环。该技术以渗透坝为主体,包括提水风车、生态塘和布水系统,设计进水负荷为16.7 L·min-1。结果表明,三级坝系统对水体中TP、TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N负荷平均削减率分别为48.3%、46.8%、56.9% 和52.1%,进水中NO3--N负荷量的标准偏差较大,为2.01,出水氮磷负荷量波动比较稳定,TN削减负荷量标准偏差较大,为1.08。TSS出水负荷量出现升高现象,分析表明TSS主要成分为固体颗粒物质。该技术的应用对库湾水体氮磷负荷具有显著的削减作用,同时能够增强库湾水体的流动循环,可有效防止水体富营养化现象发生。