Effect of a seasonal di use pollution migration on natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir

This article aims to describe the influence of di use pollution on the temporal and spatial characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in a stratified dam reservoir, the Daecheong Dam, on the basis of intensive observation results and the dynamic water quality simulation using CE-QUAL-W2. Turbidity is regarded as a comprehensive representation of allochothonous organic matter from di use sources in storm season because the turbidity concentration showed reasonable significance in a statistical correlation with the UV absorbance at 254 nm and total phosphorus. CE-QUAL-W2 simulation results showed good consistency with the observed data in terms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) including refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and labile DOC and also well explained the internal movement of constituents and stratification phenomenon in the reservoir. Instead turbidity and NOM were related well in the upper region of the reservoir according to flow distance, gradually as changing to dissolved form of organic matter, RDOM a ected organic matter concentration of reservoir water quality compared to turbidity. To control the increase of soluble organic matters in the dam reservoir, appropriate dam water discharge gate operation provided e ective measurement. Because of the gate operation let avoid the accumulation of organic matter within a dam reservoir by shorten of turbid regime retention time.     

溃坝模型在尾矿库风险评估中的应用

利用泥石流及水库溃坝等方面的经验公式和数学模型,模拟了风水沟尾矿库溃坝后尾砂流的演进过程,并分别计算了坝高为160m和200m两种情景溃坝后尾砂流在下游典型断面处的最大下泄流量、到达时间、过流面积、淹没深度及其影响范围。结果表明:在距坝址1km范围内区域受尾砂流冲击负荷最强,随即最大流量迅速衰减,流量过程线趋于平缓;不同坝高的溃坝差异较大,坝高由160m增至200m,淹没深度大于1m的覆盖范围由2km扩大至3km。另外,针对溃坝事故提出了利用矿坑接纳尾砂流的风险防范措施,对同类尾矿库的工程设计和应急管理工作具有重要的借鉴意义。     

忠武输气管道榔坪河谷拦砂坝的优化设计

本文通过对忠武输气管道榔坪河谷山洪灾害特征及已建拦砂坝损毁原因的分析,对拦砂坝进行了合理的优化设计及稳定性分析,该研究可为拦砂坝的设计及类似灾害防治提供理论依据。     

基于遥感信息的黄河中游水土流失敏感区淤地坝坝地资源特征研究

淤地坝是黄河中游黄土高原区水土流失防治的有效工程措施之一,在拦泥淤地、建设农田、巩固退耕还林（草）、改善生态环境等方面发挥了重要作用。基于WorldView-2、Google Earth、Bing、Sentinel-2多源遥感影像并结合实地淤地坝监测资料、NDVI和土地类型数据,本文完成了晋西南地区淤地坝坝地资源（数目、面积、位置、坝系、流域面积）的统计,并对其运行现状进行了评估。结果表明：截至2021年,晋西南地区淤地坝共计12167座,总面积达71.19 km²。规模上该区主要以小型淤地坝（＜0.015 km²）为主;空间上主要集中于中部的汾西县、洪洞县和浮山县地区,坝地数量和面积分别占总数量和面积的67.37%（8197座）和56.67%（40.35 km²）。目前,56.58%的淤地坝已经处于服务超限状态,平均超限5—10 a,其中,隰县、大宁县、汾西县、吉县和乡宁县地区淤地坝超限较为严重,60%以上的淤地坝已处于淤满状态。淤地坝的修建明显促进了黄土高原地区植被恢复、拦泥蓄容、建设耕地资源,但随着一些淤地坝的“淤满”,其生态和经济服务功能明显下降,并存在一定的潜在风险,亟需地方流域管理部门重视并采取有效措施。     

基于混合生命周期评价的不同坝型温室气体排放对比分析

为了研究不同坝型对环境造成的影响,采用混合生命周期评价方法定量分析并比较同规模的重力坝和堆石坝水电枢纽布置在全生命周期内的温室气体排放.研究基于糯扎渡工程实例,生命周期考虑材料设备生产阶段、运输阶段、施工阶段和运行维护阶段.结果表明:重力坝方案和堆石坝方案生命周期温室气体排放量分别为1145.49×104和815.85×104t(以CO2当量计),重力坝比堆石坝多排放40.4%.其中,重力坝在生产、运输和运行阶段的碳足迹比堆石坝大,但堆石坝在施工阶段的碳足迹比重力坝大.运行阶段的温室气体排放量占全生命周期碳足迹的比例最大,其次是材料设备生产阶段、施工阶段和运输阶段.糯扎渡水电工程的碳排放因子明显低于火电碳排放因子,合理开展水电建设,是实现我国"十二五"规划碳减排目标的有效途径.     

水库大坝的社会与环境风险标准研究

对水库大坝进行风险评价时,涉及生命风险、经济风险及社会与环境风险标准.目前国际上关于社会与环境风险标准仍为空白.本文对社会与环境影响要素进行量化,再综合成社会与环境影响指数,并结合我国国情,借用F-N线法初步确定了我国的社会与环境风险标准.沙河集等6座水库的初步应用结果表明,该风险标准及其确定方法基本合理可行,可用于水库大坝风险评价.     

The influence of climate and dam construction on the Ibera wetlands, Argentina

The purpose of this work is to assess the impact on the Esteros del Ibera wetland ecosystem caused by the Yacyreta dam, a large hydroelectric power plant on the Parana River, Argentina, in comparison to other factors of environmental change. The project of the dam started around 1970. The power plant began operating in 1994. In 1989, the neighboring Ibera wetland ecosystem showed a substantial increase in the water level for which several different causes were conceivable, including climate change and the dam construction. We analyzed all existing hydrometeorological data and studied other changes that were observed in this ecosystem. A water balance model was used to analyze different scenarios. Increased groundwater inflow, generated since the construction of the dam, appears to be affecting the wetland more than any other factor. The study has implications for the assessment of global and regional consequences of building dams.

Assessing Potential Removal of Low-Head Dams in Urban Settings: An Example from the Ottawa River,NW Ohio

This is a study of the scientific component of an effort to restore an urban river by removing a low-head dam. The Secor Dam is owned by a local government entity near Toledo, Ohio. The proposed removal of the last structure impeding flow on the Ottawa River has broad appeal, but the owner is concerned about liability issues, particularly potential changes to the flood regime, the presence of contaminated sediments behind the dam, and possible downstream transport of reservoir sediments. Assessing sediment contamination involved sediment sampling and analysis of trace metals and organic contaminants. Forecasting sediment transport involved field methods to determine the volume and textural properties of reservoir and upstream sediment and calculations to determine the fate of reservoir sediments. Forecasting changes in the flood regime involved HEC-RAS hydrological models to determine before and after dam removal flood scenarios using LiDAR data imported into an ArcGIS database. The resulting assessment found potential sediment contamination to be minor, and modeling showed that the removal of the dam would have minimal impacts on sediment transport and flood hazards. Based on the assessment, the removal of the dam has been approved by its owners.     

基于Fluent软件的尾矿坝体渗流污染模拟研究

简要分析尾矿渗流污染过程,尾矿坝体是主要渗流治理对象,运用传质原理,引入尾矿废水与污染物之间的曳力系数,提出污染物传质速度与废水速度计算公式,进而改进浸润线计算公式,利用Gambit软件建立了尾矿坝渗流的二维几何模拟模型,将尾矿坝内部的尾粉砂和尾粉土理化特性常数输入Fluent模拟多孔介质模式,模拟废水在其中的流动状态,对比分析污染物在尾矿坝的污染情况.依据模拟结果,分析了尾矿坝废水速度场和压力场,结合公式推测污染情况和浸润线变化.     

铜尾矿坝及其周边土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性

土壤真菌群落会因环境条件的变化而重新构建.为了探究山西省垣曲县十八河尾矿坝及其周边土壤中真菌群落的结构与功能多样性,本研究探讨了坝体草地、15 a杨树林、农田、10 a杨树林这4种土地利用方式下土壤真菌群落的结构组成和碳源利用功能多样性.结果表明,研究区15 a杨树林地中真菌群落丰度和多样性最高,坝体草地中最低;子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）是研究区的优势真菌类群,其中,子囊菌门（Ascomycota）在所有样地中均有最大分布,其在坝体草地中的分布达到92.92%;15 a杨树林地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性最高,坝体草地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性显著高于农田和10 a杨树林地,坝体草地土壤真菌群落对糖苷类碳源的利用效率显著高于其余3种土地利用类型.相关分析表明,土壤真菌群落丰度与土壤总氮显著相关（P<0.05）,而与土壤重金属含量不相关.土壤真菌群落多样性指数与重金属Cd、As之间具有显著相关性,与其他重金属无显著相关性.本研究结果表明长期受重金属污染胁迫下,土壤中真菌群落更多受土壤肥力和土地利用方式影响,而与土壤重金属浓度不呈线性关系.本研究结果对土壤真菌群落在重金属污染区土壤修复中的应用具有重要意义.