阴山北麓草原生态功能区防风固沙服务受益范围识别

风蚀是北方干旱与半干旱农牧交错带面临的严峻问题。论文以阴山北麓草原生态功能区为例,利用HYSPLIT模型模拟了当地生态系统提供的防风固沙服务流动路径,通过空间插值获得了功能区防风固沙服务的受益范围及其获得效益的相对大小,确定了受益范围内的土地覆被、受益人口及GDP。研究结果显示：1）2010年阴山北麓草原生态功能区的防风固沙服务大部分发生在春季,其流动路径主要往功能区东部和东南部区域延伸;2）防风固沙受益土地面积占全国土地面积的46%,主要位于功能区东部和南部地区;3）功能区受益的人口占当年全国总人口的75%,受益GDP占当年全国GDP总量的67%。未来可以根据受益区获得防风固沙效益的相对大小确定受益区不同区域横向生态付费金额,以补偿当地采取防风固沙措施导致的经济损失和投入,实现地区间公平,促进区域可持续发展。     

皮带巷粉尘浓度分布规律及全自动气水调节雾化除尘系统

鉴于传统的输煤皮带巷雾化除尘系统不能根据煤流高度自动调节雾化程度,难以达到预期除尘效果,以同忻煤矿输煤皮带巷为研究对象,基于COMSOL Multiphysics建立了输煤皮带巷煤流扬尘模型,研究了输煤皮带巷煤流高度对粉尘运移、分布的影响,继而设计了基于超声波物位传感器等多种传感器和V形调节电动球阀联动的气水调节雾化除尘系统。结果表明:在巷道高度1.5 m以上,煤流厚度越大,同一位置处的粉尘质量浓度越大,且以呼吸性粉尘为主,同时,在巷道走向沿程上,从风流入口处至下风向30~40 m范围内,粉尘质量浓度快速增长,污染严重;全自动气水调节雾化除尘系统可使呼尘质量浓度最高下降93.57%,具有良好的可行性和应用推广性。     

Teaching infant car seat installation via interactive visual presence: An experimental trial

Objective: A large portion of child restraint systems (car seats) are installed incorrectly, especially when first-time parents install infant car seats. Expert instruction greatly improves the accuracy of car seat installation but is labor intensive and difficult to obtain for many parents. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of 3 ways of communicating instructions for proper car seat installation: phone conversation; HelpLightning, a mobile application (app) that offers virtual interactive presence permitting both verbal and interactive (telestration) visual communication; and the manufacturer's user manual.

Methods: A sample of 39 young adults of child-bearing age who had no previous experience installing car seats were recruited and randomly assigned to install an infant car seat using guidance from one of those 3 communication sources.

Results: Both the phone and interactive app were more effective means to facilitate accurate car seat installation compared to the user manual. There was a trend for the app to offer superior communication compared to the phone, but that difference was not significant in most assessments. The phone and app groups also installed the car seat more efficiently and perceived the communication to be more effective and their installation to be more accurate than those in the user manual group.

Conclusions: Interactive communication may help parents install car seats more accurately than using the manufacturer's manual alone. This was an initial study with a modestly sized sample; if results are replicated in future research, there may be reason to consider centralized “call centers” that provide verbal and/or interactive visual instruction from remote locations to parents installing car seats, paralleling the model of centralized Poison Control centers in the United States.     

内蒙古地区矿区总体规划开展生物多样性评价的情况和建议

通过整理分析内蒙古矿区总体规划环评,分析生物多样性现状评价情况,提出发展内蒙古矿区规划环评巾生物多样性评价的几点建议。     

辽宁省造纸行业现状与企业转型发展

在对辽宁省造纸行业工业现状、特点及污染现状进行调查分析的基础上,结合辽宁省开展的造纸行业专项治理取得的进展和成果,提出辽宁省应加快造纸产业结构调整,推动造纸企业转型,加强清洁生产工艺的开发与应用等污染防治对策。     

本溪市典型区域环境地质灾害遥感调查

辽东山地属于环境地质灾害易发、多发区域之一,选择本溪市南芬区东部为典型研究区域,以卫星遥感、地面环境调查为主要手段,开展滑坡、泥石流和崩塌环境地质灾害调查,为建立环境地质灾害信息系统、减灾防灾提供科学依据。     

广西发展燃料乙醇产业总体方案替代方案优选

规划环评的目的不是减小规划对环境的影响,而是通过比较,选出规划对环境影响最小的替代方案。本文运用AHP-模糊数学法,结合广西发展燃料乙醇产业总体方案,从大气环境、水环境、废弃物、资源承载力、资源能源消耗和生态环境保护等六个方面,合理选取指标,建立了方案布局合理性指标体系,并用AHP-模糊数学法对四种替代方案进行了计算,得出方案一的结果为77．44,方案二的结果为78．62,方案三的结果为78．23,方案四的结果为82．13。方案四为“零作为”方案,计算结果为环境本底参照值。论文以方案四为参照,同时结合各方案的隶属度,选出了最佳替代方案。     

野战弹药储存防热现状及温度指标论证

分析了野战弹药的储存防热现状,论证了野战弹药储存防热的温度指标。通过对火炸药储存性能参数的计算并结合我国的实际气候状况,确定了野战弹药的储存防热指标为环境温度应控制在40℃以下。最后,提出了今后野战弹药储存防热的研究方向。     

5.12汶川地震后理县甘堡乡磨子沟泥石流特征分析

磨子沟泥石流位于四川省理县甘堡乡,历史上泥石流活动明显,沟口317国道和村庄都曾遭受其破坏。5.12汶川地震后,沟内出现大量松散固体物质,为泥石流的暴发提供了充足的物源。本文通过野外实地调查,对泥石流的形成条件和动力学特征进行分析。