台湾南投7.6级地震与浙江省地倾斜异常特征分析

总结了 19990 92 1台湾 7.6级大震前浙江省地倾斜异常特征 ,并结合预报过程进行较深入的分析。认为这些前兆异常应属台湾 9.2 1大震引起。这对识别分析今后该区域出现同类型的前兆信息 ,为地震时空强预测提供了重要的参考依据。     

Biodegradation of Electrospun Poly-(ɛ-caprolactone) Non-woven Fabrics by Pure-Cultured Soil Filamentous Fungi

The biodegradation of electrospun nano-fibers of poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) was initially investigated with respect to the environmental application of PCL non-woven fabrics, using pure-cultured soil filamentous fungi, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium caseicolum, P. citrinum, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Curvularia sp., and Cladosporium sp. Three kinds of non-woven PCL fabrics with different mean fiber diameters (330, 360, and 510 nm) were prepared by changing the viscosities of the pre-spun PCL solutions (150, 210, and 310 cPs, respectively). All of the pure-line soil filamentous fungi tested grew on the two fiber materials. Electron microscopy was used to observe the biodegradation processes revealing remarkable growth of two fungi, Rhizopus sp. and Mucor sp., along with the accompanying collapse of the nano-fiber matrices. In the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test, the biodegradation of the 330 nm PCL nano-fibers by Rhizopus sp. and Mucor sp. exceeded 20 and 30% carbon dioxide generation, respectively. The biodegradability of the PCL non-woven fabrics decreased with the mean fiber diameter and the 330 nm PCL nano-fiber that was made from 150 cPs solution (concentration, 7 wt%) exhibited the highest biodegradability. These results might offer some clues for the applications of the PCL non-woven fabrics having the controlled biodegradability in the environmental uses.     

From disaster to sustainable civil society: the Kobe experience

Nine years after the Kobe earthquake in Japan, social issues are still prominent, and the rehabilitation process is still ongoing. The earthquake caused two major changes in Japanese society: an increase in voluntary and non-government activities, and the enhancement of cooperation between local government and the residents' association. People's participation in the decision-making process was a significant achievement. To sustain the efforts generated after the earthquake, the Kobe Action Plan was formulated and tested in different disaster scenarios. The current study suggests that civil societies in urban areas are sustainable if, first, the activities related to daily services are provided by the resident's associations; and second, these are linked to economic incentives. Leadership plays a crucial role in collective decision-making. Creation of the support system is essential for long-term sustainability of civil-society activities. These observations are exemplified in the case study in Nishi Suma, one of the worst-affected areas in the Kobe city.     

浅层人工地震在长春市断层探测中的应用

国内外大量地震震例研究表明，巨大的城市地震灾害主要是由隐伏于城市地域之下的活动断裂上发生的地震造成的，因此，探测城市地域内的活断层是十分必要和紧迫的一项工作。浅层人工地震是一种分辨率高、探测结果可靠的断层探测方法。通过试验，确定了用浅层人工地震探测长春市地域内断层的探测方法和采集参数等。在长春市的断层探测中，大量采用了浅层人工地震方法，并取得了较好的效果。     

地震类突发事件中公共财政应急机制分析

通过对我国地震应急组织体系及财政应对地震类灾害的流程分析,结合国外应对地震类突发事件的成功经验,分析了我国公共财政应对过程中存在的不足,最后建立了5个应对地震类突发事件的财政应急机制,分别是公共财政日常运行机制、震前预警防范机制、震时响应机制、震后恢复重建机制和财政监督检查机制。     

建筑物地震损失估计方法对比分析

合理而准确地确定建筑物的地震损失是当今防震减灾研究的一个主要课题,也是地震保险费率厘定的前提.目前,我国已经在地震发生概率、场地类型、结构性能、财产分布等方面积累了许多震害统计资料.同时,不断应用地震学、抗震工程学和计算方法方面新的研究成果于地震损失的计算,形成了几种常见的损失估计思路和方法.这其中主要包括传统的地震灾害损失风险评估方法、基于动力可靠度的损失分析方法和基于结构性能的损失确定方法.从合理性和适用性的角度,对这3种方法进行了评述和比较,以此看出各种方法的优点和局限性以及分析思路的发展演变过程,并希望从中能够看出今后研究工作的一些方向.     

制约地震紧急救灾效果的关键因素与改进途径

紧急救灾是减轻地震人员伤亡的重要措施.震后半小时内、第1天、第2、3天救出人员的存活率明显不同,分别把这3个时段称为地震紧急救灾的第1、第2、第3有效时间.决定救出时间的第1因素为救灾队伍到达现场的时间,第2因素为救灾技术.但因"第2因素"最终还需依赖"第1因素"才能发挥作用,所以"第1因素"最为关键."第1因素"的第1制约条件为救援者与现场的距离;第2制约为交通条件与救灾调度、交通管理技术,第3制约为救灾指挥与实施者的反应速度与反应能力.且救出时间的第1与第2决定因素都受动力、物质、环境条件的制约.因此,应结合救灾调度设计,有重点地强化交通网、水、电、等生命线工程;科学地定点储备城市救灾物质、设备与技术力量;增强居民的防灾、救灾意识与技术能力;防止次生灾害危险源可能造成的破坏;加强指挥机构的应急反应能力与决策合理性;减小决策失误风险;实施救灾指挥预备.     

日本新潟县中越大地震震害调查及分析

2004年10月23日，日本新潟县中越地区发生里氏6．8级强烈地震，死亡40人，受伤4500余人，10万余人无家可归；房屋损坏近14万栋，财产损失约3万亿日元。作者随日本建筑学会地震考察队到该次地震现场进行了考察，报告主要内容包括：地震概况，地震活动性、地震烈度分布及地震波的特征，震害及分析，经济损失，最后给出了这次地震的震害经验和教训。内容可供建筑抗震设计和今后有关规范的修订参考。     

红吉水库诱发地震分析研究

在国内外水库诱震研究成果的基础上,结合红吉水库地震、天然应力场状态、地震活动性和水库运行条件等实际资料,采用概率统计法和模糊评判法,初步判定红吉水库具有小概率的诱发地震危险性,库区附近的北北东向和北北西向断裂是可能的发震位置,最大可能诱发的地震震级为4级.     

In Vitro Biodegradation of Polyester-Based Plastic Materials by Selected Bacterial Cultures

A simple and rapid in vitro test was designed for the assessment of the biodegradation of polyester-based plastics by selected biodegrading bacterial strains. Variovorax paradoxus LMG 16137 was used for the degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae LMG 17238 fo the synthetic-based polyesters poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate), and a starch-PCL blend. Degradation by the bacteria was studied in liquid medium with the plastics (films, granules, and injection-molded test bars) as sole sources of carbon. Degradation was followed through gravimetry, growth of the culture, and tensile testing. The effects of incubation time, inoculum density, aeration, incubation temperature, and pH of the medium on the mass loss were investigated and conditions optimized. The test allowed to obtain reproducible results on the mass loss of plastic samples in less than 3 weeks and yielded excellent partially degraded samples for further analysis.