台湾集集7.6级强震前粤东地区的重力中短期异常

基于广东东部地区流动重力观测资料,分析了1999年台湾集集7.6级地震前后重力场的时空动态演化过程,发现1996年起出现的群体性重力测值偏离长趋势的变化,可视为7.6级地震前中期异常的开始,而1998年中出现的反向变化则是中期异常向短期异常的转折。作为强震前的远场重力异常,其时间、空间变化表现出的不一致和非均匀性变化形态,可能主要与测区内不同断层在区域应力场和震源应力场共同作用下产生的局部形变不同有关。     

地震应急预案数字化关键技术研究

地震应急预案是地震应急救援的重要组成部分,是对突发地震灾害应急响应和全程管理的操作指南。阐述了地震应急预案在地震应急中的作用和使用现状,指出了数字化地震应急预案的意义。从地震应急预案的形式化描述、数字化建模和地震应急预案数字化系统与其它地震应急技术系统的集成等方面探讨了地震应急预案数字化的关键技术。     

Estimating the mitigation effect of Tokai earthquake measures on housing damage: a counterfactual approach

This paper evaluates the mitigation effect of Tokai earthquake measures on housing damage using a counterfactual approach. It focuses on those measures that stimulate ex‐ante investment in disaster prevention in the supposedly affected area, including earthquake‐proof retrofitting and improved housing construction; the effect of the measures on housing losses is estimated monetarily. The study compares factual disaster damage computed using a real distribution of houses with counterfactual damage to a hypothetical housing distribution that would occur if the measures were not implemented. The key findings are: (i) the disaster mitigation effects of Tokai earthquake measures on housing amount to approximately JPY 18 billion (USD 0.18 billion) for Yamanashi Prefecture and JPY 0.26 trillion (USD 2.6 billion) for Shizuoka Prefecture, which would be at the centre of the event; (ii) a before–after comparison biases estimates of the mitigation effect; and (iii) statistically, the measures do not mitigate the housing damage predicted for an earthquake in Tokai.     

Challenges to mobilising resources for disaster recovery and reconstruction: perspectives of the Haitian diaspora

Diasporas and diaspora non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) are increasingly important as resource lifelines to their home countries, yet the resources that they mobilise, the types of challenges that they face, and their coping mechanisms are not well explored or understood in the context of disaster recovery. To fill this knowledge gap, this study employed an inductive qualitative methodological approach, using interviews to comprehend the role played by Haitian diaspora NGOs after the catastrophic earthquake in 2010. It found that resources take four common forms: event fundraisers; financial and material donations from supporters; remittances; and volunteer labour. Challenges include an overreliance on diaspora donors, competition among NGOs, and what is perceived as inequitable funding practices towards diaspora NGOs. The findings provide insights centred on better coordination among diaspora NGOs, as well as between diaspora NGOs and other local and international NGOs and local governments and international institutions, to ensure more efficient delivery of services to survivors.     

汶川地震后幸存人员心理危机干预方法研究

选取汶川地震中的伤员和陪护家属各40人作为干预对象,采用心理治疗中的心理危机干预方法,对干预对象进行心理危机干预。干预过程分为3个阶段,分别是以构建良性关系为目的的初始阶段、以治疗为核心的干预和稳定阶段、以评估干预效果为目的的评估阶段。干预评估结果显示,心理危机干预前后,伤员和陪护家属评估结果存在显著差异（P<0.001）;与语言方法相比,该研究方法进行心理危机干预后,各量表得分显著下降,症状自评量表各评估方向得分显著低于语言方法的量表得分,前、后侧得分间差异存在统计学意义,说明该方法心理危机干预对震后人员恢复,效果较好。     

Types of community-focused organisations for disaster risk reduction in the Longmen Shan Fault area

In the past 10 years, both the Wenchuan earthquake (2008, Magnitude?=?8.0) and the Lushan earthquake (2013, Magnitude?=?7.0) struck in the Longmen Shan Fault area, causing extraordinary human and economic losses. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government began promoting the Community for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (CDPM) project nationwide to enhance community-level disaster-resistance capacities. Due to post-earthquake demand, CDPM construction in the Longmen Shan Fault area involved many diverse organisations, each of which had different organisational leadership models, which greatly influenced the CDPM characteristics and mechanisms. From long-term field research in 23 CDPM organisations in Longmen Shan Fault area, four types of CDPM organisations were found, including eight Government-oriented CDPM, six Resident-oriented CDPM, seven NGO-oriented CDPM and two Enterprise-oriented CDPM, forming a multiple organisation-oriented CDPM (M-CDPM) model. As there was only 85?km between the Wenchuan earthquake and the Lushan earthquake epicentres, many of the hardest-hit regions were the same; therefore, most CDPM organisations examined in this study were established after the Wenchuan earthquake and their effectiveness was tested in the Lushan earthquake. Therefore, research on the M-CDPM gives valuable information and provides a practical perspective for community-level disaster risk reduction.     

“一带一路”所经陆路地域巨震链特征研究

针对“一带一路”的陆路部分（即古丝绸之路）所经区域的自然灾害及灾害链的问题进行了研究讨论,尤其是针对大地震及相应的灾害链。穿越陆上丝绸之路的40度纬线地带是一个主要的地震活动带。沿着它易呈现震中定向迁移和在不长的时间内大地震发生的遥相关。陆上丝绸之路的灾害链主要是旱－震链,高山峰指标与大震发生的位置有较高的相关性。这些问题的研究对丝绸之路所经地带的安全都是有意义,也对丝绸之路上国家的安全合作有学术指向的意义。     

基于国内外灾害经济研究与管理实践的启示

中外学者从不同视域对灾害经济与管理问题进行了研究,形成了一些有代表性的观点。各国政府在防灾减灾、灾后重建等方面也积累了大量的经验。这些观点和经验为我们深入研究灾害管理机制奠定了基础,结合汶川8.0级地震导致的惨重损失及灾后重建出现的问题,阐述了构建我国以人为本的灾害管理机制和可持续重建地震灾区的基本对策。     

新《防震减灾法》浅议——以汶川8.0级地震为例

以汶川8.0级地震为例,对新《防震减灾法》进行了解读,新《防震减灾法》在旧法的基础上,主要完善了防震减灾规划制度、建设工程抗震设防制度,增加了对学校医院等重要建筑和农村民居、乡村公共设施的抗震设防要求的规定,强化了防震减灾群测群防制度以加强对地震灾害的预防;完善了地震应急救援机制;进一步规范了地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建制度;加强了政府在防震减灾工作中的领导和协调作用。同时文中也指出了新《防震减灾法》存在的不足。     

陕西榆林地区北部塌陷地震初步分析

介绍了陕西榆林地区北部所发生的几次典型塌陷地震的宏观情况,并利用陕西数字地震台网所记录的50次塌陷地震的地震波资料,从波形及时间、空间分布上初步分析了陕西榆林地区塌陷地震发生的基本特征。