Occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields during tasks at ground or floor level at 110 kV substations in Finland

The aim was to investigate occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields during tasks at ground or floor level at 110?kV substations in Finland and to compare the measured values to Directive 2013/35/EU. Altogether, 347 electric field measurements and 100 magnetic field measurements were performed. The average value of all electric fields was 2.3?kV/m (maximum 6.4?kV/m) and that of magnetic fields was 5.8?µT (maximum 51.0?µT). It can be concluded that the electric and magnetic field exposure at ground or floor level is typically below the low action levels of Directive 2013/35/EU. The transposition of the directive will not create new needs to modify the work practice of the evaluated tasks, which can continue to be performed as before. However, for workers with medical implants, the exposure may be high enough to cause interference.     

除尘器灰斗电加热器供配电节能降耗方案优化

对目前广泛使用的除尘器灰斗电加热器的供配电系统进行了分析,提出了电控设备投资更省、供配电系统运行更节能经济的优化方案,并通过工程实例进行了分析验证。     

我国大陆地区电器电子产品报废量预测研究

随着我国电器电子产品的报废量不断增长,准确预测报废量及其分布对回收网络体系规划研究十分关键.本文利用Gompertz模型及保有量系数法对我国电器电子产品报废量进行建模,在验证预测模型及结果准确性的前提下,对全国31个省2003—2020年电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、空调及电脑的报废量进行预测,并对5种家用电器报废总量构成、时间序列及空间分布进行分析.结果表明,到2020年,我国5种家用电器报废量将达到20.3亿台,广东省以1794万台报废量列居全国首位,上海市以1083台·km~(-2)的报废密度列居首位;按现有回收处理规模,2014年全国仍存在103万t待处理缺口.最后对废旧电器电子产品拆解处理产能布局提出了合理化建议,为我国的家用电器回收网络规划提供参考.     

电光源产品升级研究

本文罗列了近年来电光源产品的一些重要技术壁垒，并对这些壁垒进行了统计和分析，提出我国生产企业只有引进先进理念，变“被动应付”为“主动抵御”，才能实现电光源产品升级的观点。文章从四个方面详细阐述了技术壁垒的应对措施和产品升级设计的理念，希望对电光源生产企业提高产品质量有一定的启发。     

振动台漏磁屏蔽应用研究

根据电动振动台的工作原理,详细分析电动振动台磁路结构及漏磁场的来源,通过进行测量分析,并提出一种有效的漏磁场屏蔽措施。     

天然沸石中离子交换平衡的离子特异性研究

沸石在改良土壤和保护环境等方面有着广泛的应用,研究沸石离子交换中的特异性效应对更好地利用沸石有着重要意义.碱金属离子在天然斜发沸石中的交换平衡时的最大吸附量存在着明显的特异性效应;对于同价的碱金属离子,其交换吸附能力差异随着离子浓度的降低而增大.这种实验现象不能用库仑力、离子体积、水合作用、色散力、经典诱导力以及表面络合等相关理论进行完整解释.分析发现,根本原因来自离子因量子涨落而产生的极化与沸石颗粒表面电荷产生的强电场之间的相互作用,这种相互作用导致了离子间偶极矩差异随着表面电位的升高而增大,进而使离子-表面吸附能差异增大,并出现不同的交换吸附能力.由于沸石表面电荷密度较高,离子体积效应对其在双电层中的分布也起着比较重要的作用,导致碱金属离子在沸石表面的交换平衡结果在高表面电位(绝对值大于0.2 V)下才表现出较大选择性,与低电荷密度表面上的交换平衡结果存在一定差异.     

Ecotoxicological implications of aquatic disposal of coal combustion residues in the United States: a review

We provide an overview of research related to environmental effects of disposal of coal combustion residues (CCR) in sites in the United States. Our focus is on aspects of CCR that have the potential to negatively influence aquatic organisms and thehealth of aquatic ecosystems. We identify major issues of concern, as well as areas in need of further investigation.Intentional or accidental release of CCR into aquatic systemshas generally been associated with deleterious environmental effects. A large number of metals and trace elements are presentin CCR, some of which are rapidly accumulated to high concentrations by aquatic organisms. Moreover, a variety of biological responses have been observed in organisms following exposure to and accumulation of CCR-related contaminants. In some vertebrates and invertebrates, CCR exposure has led to numerous histopathological, behavioral, and physiological (reproductive, energetic, and endocrinological) effects. Fish kills and extirpation of some fish species have been associatedwith CCR release, as have indirect effects on survival and growth of aquatic animals mediated by changes in resource abundance or quality. Recovery of CCR-impacted sites can be extremely slow due to continued cycling of contaminants withinthe system, even in sites that only received CCR effluents forshort periods of time. The literature synthesis reveals important considerations for future investigations of CCR-impacted sites. Many studies have examined biological responses to CCR with respect to Se concentrations and accumulation because of teratogenic andreproductively toxic effects known to be associated with thiselement. However, the complex mixture of metals and traceelements characteristic of CCR suggests that biologicalassessments of many CCR-contaminated habitats should examine avariety of inorganic compounds in sediments, water, and tissuesbefore causation can be linked to individual CCR components. Most evaluations of effects of CCR in aquatic environments havefocused on lentic systems and the populations of animalsoccupying them. Much less is known about CCR effects in loticsystems, in which the contaminants may be transported downstream,diluted or concentrated in downstream areas, and accumulated bymore transient species. Although some research has examinedaccumulation and effects of contaminants on terrestrial and avianspecies that visit CCR-impacted aquatic sites, more extensiveresearch is also needed in this area. Effects in terrestrial orsemiaquatic species range from accumulation and maternal transferof elements to complete recruitment failure, suggesting that CCReffects need to be examined both within and outside of theaquatic habitats into which CCR is released. Requiring specialattention are waterfowl and amphibians that use CCR-contaminatedsites during specific seasons or life stages and are highlydependent on aquatic habitat quality during those periods.Whether accidentally discharged into natural aquatic systems or present in impoundments that attract wildlife, CCR appears topresent significant risks to aquatic and semiaquatic organisms. Effects may be as subtle as changes in physiology or as drasticas extirpation of entire populations. When examined as a whole,research on responses of aquatic organisms to CCR suggests thatreducing the use of disposal methods that include an aquaticslurry phase may alleviate some environmental risks associatedwith the waste products.     

电动振动台台面加速度失真度的分析

通过对影响电动振动台失真度因素的定性分析，得出影响失真度的理论依据，提出降低电动振动台台面加速度失真度的措施，供设计电动振动台及使用电动振动台者参考。     

防爆电气设备安全管理在汾酒集团的应用

对山西汾酒集团爆炸危险场所的危险程度进行了等级划分，从技术上和管理上对爆炸危险场所的电气设备的设计，安装进行了探讨，提出了防范措施。     

塑料电除雾器的特性与安全运行对策

介绍了塑料电除雾器性能与构造特点 ,分析了硫酸雾的成因及规律 ,针对塑料电除雾器运行中可能出现的故障提出了保证其高效运行的措施