防洪物资储备决策方法初探

根据防洪抢险物资储备属于一种信息不全型决策问题的特点,本文提出了一种用于确定每年防灾物资准备量概率排序决策模型,并以孙不河流泥石流灾害预报火灾决策为例进行说明。     

自然爆炸灾害的危害及其预防方法探讨

本文对两种自然爆炸灾害——天体对地球的撞击和空间碎片对航天器的撞击进行了分析，指出了这种自然灾害发生的概率及危害特性，探讨了预防灾害的可能方案。     

COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE ENGINEERING DESIGNS1

ABSTRACT: Procedures are presented for comparing and evaluating alternative engineering designs for a particular water resources project. By using certain aspects of fuzzy set theory, it is possible to introduce both quantitative and qualitative considerations into the decisionmaking process. In addition, the viewpoints of the various interest groups involved with the water resources development can be realistically incorporated by the evaluation techniques for the alternative designs. Methods are given for eliminating undesirable alternatives and thereby obtaining a reduced set of possible feasible solutions to the problem. Because of the flexibility of the evaluation methods, the viable alternatives should not only satisfy economical, technical. environmental and other types of constraints, but these possible solutions should be politically feasible as well. A method is formulated for checking the sensitivity of the feasible results with respect to the factors that are considered in the analysis.     

生态旅游中的环境污染问题及防治对策研究

近年来随着生态旅游逐渐成为旅游业中的热点的同时，也不断暴露出一些问题。本文通过对多个旅游景点的调查，重点分析了目前生态旅游中存在的环境污染问题，并提出了相应的防治对策。     

CX170-1井钻井废水及废钻井液处理技术

CX170-1井位于川西平原,周围良田环绕。文章就川西地区钻井作业现状提出了比较可行的钻井废水及废钻井液无害化处理工艺技术。针对钻井废水,详细介绍了轻度污染废水;严重污染废水和特殊作业废水的处理工艺及处理效果。对于废钻井液,该井主要采用了固化处理。结果表明:经固化处理的废钻井液干结后具有一定强度,失去了水敏性,不再具有返浆性。浸泡实验表明,有害物得到了比较彻底的固定,经检测,各种污染指标大都低于国家一级标准,自然条件下外排的废钻井液不再对环境造成污染。     

Elemental Mercury Control by Novel Oxidant and Sorbent in an Entrained-Flow System

An entrained-flow system has been designed and constructed to simulate in-flight mercury capture by sorbents in ducts of coal-fired utility plants. The test conditions of 1.5 s residence time, 140°C temperature, 4.5 ppbv inlet Hg⁰ concentration, and 0–20 lb/MMacf sorbent injection rates were chosen to simulate conditions in the ducts. Novel oxidants developed in previous fixed-bed tests and novel sorbents derived from the novel oxidants were tested for their Hg⁰ capture in the entrained-flow system to examine the possibility of using those sorbents in a full-scale system. Darco-FGD and Darco Hg-LH served as benchmark sorbents with which mercury control capability of the novel oxidants and novel sorbents could be compared. The test results showed that the novel oxidants have remarkable Hg⁰ oxidation capability, and the novel sorbents showed a better performance in Hg⁰ removal than Darco Hg-LH.     

溴-锑-磷协效阻燃体系对聚丙烯土工格栅阻燃和生烟性能的影响

利用极限氧指数、垂直燃烧试验、酒精喷灯燃烧试验、锥形量热仪、热重分析和力学性能测试等手段研究了溴-锑-磷阻燃体系对聚丙烯(PP)土工格栅的力学性能、燃烧性能、生烟性能和热解特性的影响。结果表明,低添加量(质量分数≤5%)的溴-锑-磷阻燃体系对PP土工格栅的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率影响较小,但明显提高了材料的阻燃性能,其中质量分数5%的四溴双酚A-双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)(八溴醚)-三氧化二锑阻燃PP的峰值热释放速率(HRR)和总释放热(THR)相比于纯PP分别下降了39.98%和26.03%。八溴醚-三氧化二锑阻燃体系与红磷复配时还表现出较好的协效作用,当溴-锑与磷的质量比为3∶2时,协效阻燃效果最优,仅添加5%的协效阻燃体系便可使PP的LOI和UL 94等级分别达到27.9%和V-0级,并通过酒精喷灯燃烧试验。与纯PP相比,溴-锑阻燃体系虽降低了PP的HRR和THR,但增大了燃烧过程中的生烟速率(SPR)和总产烟量(TSR),而红磷的加入能有效降低溴-锑阻燃PP的生烟量。热重分析表明,溴-锑-磷协效阻燃体系表现出较好的气相阻燃作用,能有效降低PP的热裂解速率,增强了PP的阻燃性能。     

中国九十年代城市环境污染控制战略(下)

80年代是我国城市社会经济发展最快的时期,城市化水平由1981年的14.3％提高到1990年的21％,城市规模结构趋向合理,形成了以大城市为中心,中等城市为骨干和小城市为纽带的城市结构。但应该清醒的是,我国绝大部分城市的经济发展水平与工业     

建设项目环境影响评价中污染物排放总量控制评价方法

本文提出了在建设项目环境影响评价中关于污染物排放总量控制评价所应包含的内容,介绍了清洁生产纳入环评中的方法,确定了在技术经济合理,污染物排放满足环境质量与排放标准前提下的排放总量,并对其合理性论证方法做了介绍,提出总量控制目标实现的对策。     

城市汽车空气污染控制基准研究

本文论述了城市汽车空气污染研究的目标、基本方法及城市汽车污染控制区的划分原则和方法.汽车类型流动源采用整个控制区平均浓度作为分析对比的基础不合适,应该专门研究确定基准控制点.为了合理选择确定控制计算点,提出3种方法:峰值法、核心区和重点控制区法、9点平均法.9点平均法可以有效增加各类污染源的敏感点,同时又可避免增加该点位影响过大的缺陷.这种方法在其他类型大气污染源控制中也能发挥作用.