瓦斯涌出严重程度分形预测研究

为了研究瓦斯涌出严重程度与地质构造之间的定量关系,以某矿井田为例,采用分形几何学手段研究了井田地质构造的分形特征,并将构造分维数与瓦斯涌出严重程度作了对比分析。其结果表明:所研究矿井田地质构造具有分形特征,构造分维数能够定量地描述地质构造的复杂程度,构造分维数与瓦斯涌出严重程度之间存在正相关关系,分维值大于1.3的区域是有可能发生瓦斯异常涌出的区域。该研究成果对于高瓦斯矿井进行瓦斯区域预测研究具有重要的理论和实用价值。     

高强箍筋混凝土简支梁斜裂缝分形理论研究

通过对8根集中荷载作用下高强箍筋T形截面简支梁的试验研究，运用分形理论对试件中斜裂缝的出现、发育及分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：分形理论对斜裂缝自相似性有很好的量化关系。     

不同温度下超高层建筑窗口火蔓延模拟分析

为揭示不同温度条件对凹型超高层建筑窗口羽流火焰融合高度的影响,采用火灾动态仿真模拟软件PyroSim,构建不同温度条件下凹型超高层建筑的火灾模型;分析该模型下竖向连续多窗口温度分布等温线及温度曲线。结果表明:在不同室外温度条件下,纵向连续3窗口比2窗口在达到危险温度540℃时,火焰融合高度上升4.5~5.9 m;在达到危险温度350℃时,火焰高度上升11.0~13.3 m。纵向连续4窗口比3窗口在达到危险温度540℃时,火焰融合高度上升3.0~3.4 m;在达到危险温度350℃时,火焰高度上升7.8~9.5 m;对于凹型超高层建筑,室内外温差越大,火焰融合高度越高;从纵向连续3窗口开始,火焰融合高度增长趋势下降。     

絮凝体分形维数投药控制研究

依据分形理论,通过先进的图像分析处理技术,实现了对絮凝体分形维数的联机在线监测,试验证实分形维数可以很好地反映絮凝程度及其混凝处理效果,通过建立的混凝剂投加量、分形维数及沉后水浊度三者间的模糊控制模型,最终实现了对混凝剂投加量的自动控制与调节.     

Detection of Asian dust aerosols using meteorological satellite data and suspended particulate matter concentrations

The advection and dispersion of Asian dust events from China to the Pacific Ocean around Japan during 2000–2002 were investigated using the meteorological satellite data of NOAA/AVHRR and GMS-5/VISSR. Aerosol vapour index images, taking the brightness temperature difference between 11 and 12 μm, are very effective for monitoring the Asian dust phenomenon in the East Asia region, with their capacity for detection during the day or night. We discuss the dust events, focusing on the advection patterns shown in satellite images, which are classified into three types as ‘dry slot’, ‘high-pressure wedge’ and ‘travelling high’, based on synoptic patterns. The results are compared with suspended particulate matter concentrations measured at Japanese surface stations and with ground-based observations of Sakurajima volcano by a web camera system at Kagoshima in Kyushu, Japan. We found that the passage of cold fronts caused a rapid increase of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations, which exceeded 100 μg m⁻³, and that deep low-pressure complexes strengthened the dust phenomenon. The ‘high-pressure wedge’ type is seen much more clearly in satellite images than the ‘travelling high’ type, but SPM concentrations and visibility were similar in both owing to the differences in the vertical distribution of the dust and in viewing conditions.     

纤维束直接过滤积泥结构的分形分析及其应用

用阳离子型聚丙烯酰（PAM）和聚合铝（PAC）作混凝剂进行了纤维束直接过滤实验，对纤维束上积泥进行了扫描电镜照像及图象分析，得出了积泥孔隙周界曲线的分维数，探讨了分维数与过滤过程的关系，指出了在直接过滤中阳离子型PAM较PAC效果好的原因所在。     

我国大气颗粒物表征研究进展

综述了国内有关大气颗粒物表征的研究进展，主要围绕大气颗粒物的基本特性、化学组成及其存在状态、毒理学、及源解析的研究进行了阐述。最后，文章还展望了其今后的研究发展方向。     

Scale correlation between vegetation and soil in larch forest, NE China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｓｐｅｃｔｎｅｅｄｔｏｂｅａｄｄｒｅｓｓｅｄａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｆｏｒａｌｏｎｇｔｉｍｅｉｎｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｙ (Ｇａｕｃｈ ,1982 ) .Ａｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｒａｍｅｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｉｓｔｈｅ ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ (Ｗｈｉｔｔａｋｅｒ,1978;Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ ,1985) ,ｉｎ…     

客舱玻璃抗螺旋桨甩冰冲击分析

目的 研究涡桨飞机客舱玻璃抗螺旋桨甩冰分析方法。方法 根据某型涡桨飞机螺旋桨结冰特性计算分析得到的冰块质量以及冰块轨迹,筛选出严重载荷工况。建立客舱玻璃有限元模型,采用有限元软件PAM-CRASH进行数值计算,获得结构破坏形态和动态响应。开展客舱玻璃甩冰冲击研发试验,将试验后结构损伤与数值分析结果进行对比分析。结果 两种确定冰块质量和冰块速度方法,可适用于结构防甩冰设计的不同阶段;根据结冰特性计算分析得到的冰块质量10.27 g、垂向速度141.1 m/s更为准确合理。不同冰型撞击各个结构部位,会对结构造成不同程度的损伤。同一长方体冰型下,入射截面积越小,玻璃损伤越严重;撞击玻璃不同部位时,角部比中心点更为严重。结论 试验结果与仿真结果基本一致,可以验证所给出的客舱玻璃分析模型及分析方法的准确性,可供螺旋桨甩冰区域的客舱玻璃设计参考。     

Effects of humic acid on recoverability and fractal structure of alum-kaolin flocs

Particle surface characteristics, floc recoverability and fractal structure of alum-kaolin flocs were investigated using in situ particle image velocimetry (PIV) and microbalance with or without humic acid. Experimental results indicated that the zeta potential of kaolin particle surface after adsorption of humic acid was related with humic acid concentration and its acid-base bu ering capacity. Adsorption of humic acid resulted in more negative electrophoresis on the particle surface. Coagulant dosages for particles to form flocs would increase with increasing humic concentration. PIV was used to evaluate floc structural fragmentation, floc surface erosion as well as recoverability after high shear. It was found that the floc size during the steady phase of growth was small, while the regrowing capability decreased in the presence of humic acid. The recoverability was closely related with floc breakage modes including floc structural fragmentation and floc surface erosion. The fractal dimensions of alum-kaolin flocs by mass-size method based on microbalance would decrease with increasing humic concentration. This study proved that humic acid had adverse influences on the performance of coagulation process.