基于加速度干扰和AHP的车辆行驶安全性评价模型

关于行驶中的车辆在交通系统各因素作用下的行驶安全性评价,在现有交通系统四大要素的基础上加入车辆行驶状态,构成"人-车-环境-路-车辆行驶状态"5要素。并对各要素评价指标的选定做了细致的筛选,建立了车辆行驶安全性评价指标体系。其中"人-车-环境-路"因素采用打分的形式确定其参数的分值,并利用层次分析法(AHP)计算各参数权重来构建模型的;"车辆行驶状态"因素则是引入加速度干扰的定义,建立基于道路结构的加速度干扰模型。最后,运用层级分析法建立了总的车辆行驶安全评价模型。     

建筑火灾风险评价体系的建立与应用探讨

探讨基于安全系统工程思想的建筑火灾风险评价指标体系的建立方法,并在该基础上,通过专家打分和层次分析法,计算得出各指标因子的权重值。根据有关标准和规范,对各评价指标因子进行等级划分,并设计出建筑火灾风险综合分值评分表,为厘定火灾保险费率提供依据。笔者的研究成果为完善建筑火灾风险评价方法、制定财产保险火灾风险评价标准等提供了科学依据。     

基于模糊数学的机务维修中人的可靠性综合评价

基于有关资料数据统计、现场调查研究和理论分析,结合许多专家在人为因素上的研究成果,建立了机务维修中人可靠性评价指标体系,应用层次分析法(AHP)确定了各指标权重.运用模糊综合评价原理构建了机务中人的可靠性模糊综合评价模型,并进行了实例验证,得出了可靠性的综合评价等级.结果表明,该方法简单,易操作,能实现动态的综合评价,...     

基于主成分分析模型的核设施放射性废物管理评价研究

针对核设施放射性废物管理问题,采用主成分分析方法直观定量地研究了大亚湾、岭澳、田湾、秦山等各核电厂单位装机容量（MW）三废年度实际排放值或产生量,揭示了核设施放射性废物管理评价指标数据间的相关性和差异性,识别出了核设施放射性废物管理评价指标数据的主要成分;分析结果基本上反映了各核电厂放射性废物管理状况,主成分分析得分以秦山核电站第一期核电厂最高,其他依次为田湾核电厂、秦山核电站第二期核电厂、岭澳核电厂、大亚湾核电厂,秦山核电站第三期核电厂最低,即秦山核电站第三期核电厂在核设施放射性废物管理最优,大亚湾核电厂次之。辅助核设施放射性废物管理作出快速分析与决策,以提高检测能力和监管能力,具有很好地应用价值。     

Acciphilia on the road: An analysis of severe collisions

Introduction

Although prior studies of road traffic accidents have found between-group differences in risk, little attention has been given to the encounter between drivers involved in severe collisions.

Method

The present study empirically evaluates two different possible causes of "social accidents," which are defined as collisions between two or more drivers where some faulty social interaction might be assumed, and which are the most prevalent cause of road injuries. The analyses use merged Israeli collision records from 1983 to 2004 with data from two national censuses, thus providing an unprecedented empirical basis to study the social foundations of car accidents. The data are used to adjudicate between two alternative hypotheses: the heterogeneity hypothesis (socially different drivers tend to collide) versus the homogeneity hypothesis (socially similar drivers tend to collide).

Results

Multivariate analyses provide preliminary support for the latter hypothesis. Given an accident, there are more collisions among drivers from the same broad educational group, and the factors that influence this correlation are independent of geography. The paper thus leads to the idea that severe collisions reflect a sociological or ecological process that is akin to acciphilia.

Impact on Industry

The preliminary findings suggest that variation between drivers may be preferable to similarity, since apparently there is a greater tendency toward collisions between similar drivers.     

变权综合法在航空公司风险评价中的应用研究

针对民航风险评价中大多数综合评价方法采取常权综合法,当评价指标体系中某些指标出现严重缺陷时,导致最终综合评价值与实际情况不符的现象,将变权综合法应用到民航风险评价中。给出变权综合法风险评价的基本步骤,以航空公司风险评价为例,建立评价指标体系,运用模糊数学知识对底层指标进行赋值,并对其进行标准量化,其次根据变权综合评价法的基本原理及民航行业高风险的特点,选择适合的状态变权公式,计算评价指标体系的状态变权及变权,最后由变权综合法的综合评价公式,计算出系统的风险评价值。通过与常权综合法的计算结果相比较,变权综合法能较好解决民航风险评价中常权综合法存在的问题,同时计算结果也验证了变权综合法的优越性、有效性和实用性。     

外军皮肤防护器材化学防护性能测试与评价用标准物质研究进展

本文简迷了皮肤防护器材--化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的重要性,系统地概述了外军化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的研究现状,并提出了我国化学防护服(衣)防护性能试验与评价用标准物质研制过程中应注意的一些问题.     

基于APJE-SLIM的海运人因失误概率的确定

安全是海运行业永恒的主题,调查研究表明,人因失误是造成海事的主要原因。为了对海运人因失误进行研究,探讨引起人因失误的行为形成因子(PSF),确定在PSF影响下的人因失误概率。在调查海上避让行为的人因失误和这些失误的行为形成因子的基础上,采用APJE和SLIM相结合的方法对航海人员避让行为中的可靠性进行分析。结果表明,航海人员疲劳与健康程度、知识、经验与培训水平、任务复杂程度、安全管理水平与组织有效性等PSF对人因失误概率有着不同程度的影响,相应提高PSF水平,可极大地减少人因失误概率。利用APJE确定端点绝对失误概率,解决了SLIM方法中难以获得参考点概率的问题,获得了在不同种类不同水平PSF影响下的海运人因失误概率。     

Factors contributing to US chemical plant process safety incidents from 2010 to 2020

Process safety incidents can result in injuries, fatalities, environmental impacts, facility damage, downtime & lost production, as well as impacts on a company's and industry's reputation. This study is focused on an analysis of the most commonly reported contributing factors to process safety incidents in the US chemical manufacturing industry. The database for the study contained 79 incidents from 2010 to 2019, partly investigated by the Chemical Safety Board (CSB). To be included in the study, the CSB archive of incident investigations were parsed to include only incidents which occurred at a company classified as 325 in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), assigned to businesses that participate in chemical manufacturing. For each incident, all of the identified contributing factors were catalogued in the database. From this list of identified contributing factors, it was possible to name the ‘top three’ contributing factors. The top three contributing factors cited for the chemical manufacturing industry were found to be: design; preventive maintenance; and safeguards, controls & layers of protection. The relationship between these top contributing factors and the most common OSHA citations was investigated as well. The investigation and citation history for NAICS 325 companies in the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) citations database was then analysed to assess whether there was any overlap between the top reported contributing factors to process safety events and the top OSHA citations recorded for the industry. A database consisting of the inspection and citation history for the chemical manufacturing industry identified by NAICS code 325 was assembled for inspections occurring between 2010 and 2020 (August). The analysis of the citation history for the chemical manufacturing industry specifically, identified that the list of the top contributing factors to process safety incidents overlapped with the most common OSHA violations. This finding is relevant to industry stakeholders who are considering how to strategically invest resources for achieving maximum benefit – reducing process safety risk and simultaneously improving OSHA citation history.     

码头工程建设方案安全评价的研究

为了对码头工程建设方案进行安全评价,根据国家发展和改革委员会、国家安全生产监督管理局关于加强建设项目安全设施"三同时"工作的通知要求以及我国港口安全评价管理办法,选取码头工程港址选择,总平面布置,装卸工艺方案,水工结构、护岸、堆场地基与面层结构,道路交通,配套工程,自然条件,安全管理与劳动力素质等8个因素,设计了一套多指标综合评价体系;利用未确知数学理论,通过建立未确知测度模型、置信度识别准则并分析其指标因素,确定指标因素的可靠程度,提出一种基于未确知测度的利于码头工程安全设计管理及监察的科学的码头工程建设方案安全评价新方法;选取南方某港5000吨级通用码头工程建设方案进行验证。