Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in different forest humus types

The behavior of 20 PAH in the organic layers of a L mull, an Of mull and a mor was assessed by a combined approach of a soil profile study, and the analysis of particle-size separates. Increasing PAH concentrations with depth in the mor profile (L, 866 μg kg⁻³; Of, 2902 μg kg⁻¹; Oh, 10489 ug kg⁻¹) were assigned to selective enrichment during organic matter decomposition. PAH were further highly enriched within the finer separates. For the L horizons, significant positive correlations were established between the enrichment of individual PAH (as observed from the decomposition gradient between the >2-mm fraction and the < 0.05-mm fraction), and the K_OW for each compound. The slope of the regression line, m, described the degree of differentiation between low- and high-molecular PAH during litter decomposition. Since m was greatest in the most biologically active humus type (L mull, 0.33) and smallest in the most inactive (mor, 0.20), microbial breakdown was assumed as the dominating process for this differentiation. The results also indicated that decomposition processes had already taken place in the L horizons, leading to morphological and chemical changes of organic matter, and to an enrichment of high molecular PAH.     

Gene expression changes in blood RNA after swimming in a chlorinated pool

Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM(chloroform,bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents(METs). Gene expression in whole blood m RNA was evaluated using Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression-Bead Chip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m~3 for exhaled total THM(sum of the four THM).Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m~3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate(Log-fold change range:-0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies.     

脱色酶TpmD在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及纯化

用PCR方法从嗜水气单胞菌DN322基因组中扩增出编码三苯基甲烷类染料脱色酶TpmD的基因,与表达载体pET-22b(+)连接构建成重组质粒pET22-tpmD,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)得到重组工程菌株.结果表明,经IPTG诱导,脱色酶基因可高效表达,粗酶液降解结晶紫、孔雀石绿、碱性品红、灿烂绿的比活力达到569.5,386.9,516.1,273.0U/g.表达产物经Ni-NTA亲和层析法一步纯化,蛋白纯度达94.05%.对4种染料的比活力分别达到1075.3,1042.8,903.9,484.3U/g,重组质粒稳定存在于工程菌中,便于规模化发酵生产.     

过程工业防护层分析及其应用

防护层分析是一种简化的半定量危险性评价方法,目前主要应用于过程工业的危险性分析与评价过程中。该方法通过评价防护层有效防护的概率来判断现有防护措施是否满足系统安全需要。本文介绍了防护层分析的方法、程序,并将其应用于化工过程工业实例分析中,同时对防护层分析方法今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯对罗非鱼肝脏转录组影响研究

邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）作为生产量和使用量最多的一种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,其对水生生物具有多种毒性.本研究选用中国南方地区最重要的经济鱼类尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）作为实验对象,研究DEHP（50mg/kg bw）作用下罗非鱼肝脏组织内转录组的响应特征.利用IlluminaTM HiSeq 4000测序平台对DEHP处理组和对照组尼罗罗非鱼肝脏RNA样品分别进行转录组测序.对照组和DEHP暴露组分别获得30.10Mb和30.16Mb待分析数据（clean reads）,对转录组数据进行组装并去冗余后得到58,585个Unigene.将DEHP处理组和对照组的转录组数据进行比较一共获得5,008个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因和下调表达基因分别为3,217个和1,791个.通过GO和KEGG功能分析后发现这些差异表达基因主要为机体免疫、生殖内分泌以及脂类代谢相关基因,这表明DEHP对尼罗罗非鱼肝脏毒性主要表现为免疫毒性、生殖毒性和脂类代谢紊乱.另外,实时荧光定量PCR验证结果发现转录组分析数据基本可靠.上述结果为在转录组水平筛选DEHP生物标志物,解析DEHP对罗非鱼毒性作用的分子机制提供了科学参考.     

Genome-wide identification and hormone expression patterns of the MaPIF family of banana genes北大核心CSCD

植物光敏色素作用因子(phytochrome interacting factor,PIF)是广泛分布于植物体内的一种转录因子,在植物的生长发育方面有着重要的作用.基于香蕉基因组数据,对香蕉MaPIF基因家族进行基因组鉴定,采用生物信息学分析方法对其进行命名,分析理化性质、蛋白质结构、基因结构、启动子顺势作用元件以及构建系统进化树;分析PIF家族在不同激素处理下的表达情况.结果显示,香蕉MaPIF家族有7个成员,均含有高度保守的bHLH结构域;编码区长度在1 116-2001bp之间,至少包含5个内含子,且大部分位于细胞外;进化树结果可以发现与拟南芥、水稻以及玉米PIF的亲缘关系较近;顺式作用元件预测结果显示,MaPIF上存在多种与激素和光相关的响应元件.qRT-PCR结果显示,MaPIF3-1、MaPIF4、MaPIF4-1在生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、生长素抑制剂(NPA)处理中均有显著表达,除此之外,所有成员在脱落酸(ABA)处理下均有明显表达.本研究表明MaPIF在香蕉生长发育中激素调控有重要作用.(图7表3参45)     

秸秆连续还田配施化肥对稻-油轮作土壤碳库及作物产量的影响

依据田间连续7 a秸秆还田定位试验,探讨秸秆还田配施化肥对巢湖地区农田土壤剖面（0~20、20~50和50~80 cm）的土壤总有机碳（TOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）、活性有机碳（LOC）、碳库管理指数（CPMI）和作物产量的影响.试验设置无秸秆还田+无施肥（CK）、常规施肥（F）、秸秆还田+常规施肥（SF1）和秸秆还田+80%常规施肥（SF2）这4个处理,分析不同土层土壤总有机碳和组分含量、CPMI和油菜-水稻产量的变化规律.结果表明,以CK为参考,常规施肥和秸秆还田配施化肥均提高了垂直剖面土壤总有机碳和组分的含量,且不同土层土壤总有机碳和组分的含量随土层深度增加而逐渐降低.在0~20 cm土层,与F处理相比,SF1和SF2处理显著提高TOC、DOC、POC和LOC的含量,增幅分别为：14.23%~28.97%、7.86%~27.01%、16.46%~24.24%和5.89%~6.64%（P<0.05）;在20~50 cm土层,SF1较F处理的TOC和LOC的含量显著增加9.43%和8.34%（P<0.05）,SF2较F处理的DOC和POC的含量显著增加17.51%和65.83%（P<0.05）;在50~80 cm土层,各处理间土壤总有机碳和组分的含量均无显著差异.秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤碳库管理指数影响显著,SF1较F处理显著提高0~50 cm土层的CPMI,而F处理的CPMI在50~80 cm土层最大,但各处理间均无显著差异.秸秆还田配施化肥对作物产量具有显著提升作用,且SF1处理的产量最高,SF1较F处理的水稻、油菜和周年产量分别显著增加6.19%、7.67%和6.54%（P<0.05）.总的来说,稻-油轮作模式下秸秆还田配施化肥对提高巢湖地区土壤碳库、土壤肥力和作物产量具有重要意义.